JUDGE ANDREW S. HANEN United States Courthouse
515 Rusk Street, Room 8613
Houston, Texas 77002
(713) 250-5908
Rhonda S. Hawkins, Case Manager
United States District Clerk
515 Rusk Street, Room 8613
Houston, Texas 77002
Direct No.: (713) 250-5518
[email protected]
District Clerk’s Office: (713) 250-5500
CRIMINAL PROCEDURES
1. CONTACT WITH COURT PERSONNEL
2. EMERGENCIES
3. ELECTRONIC FILINGS
4. COURT SETTINGS
5. CONTINUANCES
6. MOTION PRACTICE
7. REQUIRED PRETRIAL MATERIALS
8. EXHIBITS
9. EQUIPMENT
10. COURTROOM PROCEDURES
11. ATTACHMENTS
12. APPENDICES
Note: This is helpful information. Nothing in this packet supersedes formal rules or common
sense.
Last updated November of 2019.
1. CONTACT WITH COURT PERSONNEL
A. Case-related telephone inquiries are to be made to the Case Manager only.
Inquiries should not be made to the Court, the Court’s judicial assistant, or
law clerks.
B. The case load may not always allow the Case Manager to respond to calls or emails
about motion and case status. Inquiries to the Case Manager should be by letter
unless it is a setting in the next 14 days, a criminal case, an emergency hearing, or
a bona fide emergency.
C. Information about the filing of documents, entry of orders, or docket entries should
be obtained by logging into CM/ECF, PACER, or from the Clerk’s Office at
(713) 250-5500.
D. Correspondence.
1) Do not address substantive issues in letter form addressed to the Court
because they may not be docketed or included in the appellate record.
2) Case-related correspondence must be addressed to and e-filed with:
United States District Clerk
515 Rusk Street, Room 5300
Houston, Texas 77002
3) All counsel of record should be copied.
E. File-stamped courtesy copies of urgent documents may be sent to Chambers (via
the Case Manager) after the originals are filed with the Clerk of the Court.
Obviously, opposing counsel should be copied at the same time unless they are
automatically copied electronically. Courtesy copies should designate the docket
number of the filed document. They should include all exhibits and should not be
redacted even if the filed motion is.
F. All counsel are advised to keep their email addresses current in CM/ECF as the
Clerk of the Court provides transmission of orders and motions through that
interface.
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2. EMERGENCIES
A. Counsel shall email or contact the Case Manager at (713) 250-5518 for matters
requiring immediate attention.
C. Motions for extension of deadlines in the Scheduling and Docket Control Order are
not emergencies.
D. In addition to any physical filing or electronic filing of emergency motions, counsel
shall send a file-stamped courtesy hard copy of emergency motions directly to the
Case Manager so that they quickly reach the Court’s attention.
3. ELECTRONIC FILINGS
A. The Southern District of Texas requires electronic filing of all pleadings. LR 5.1.
This reduces the burden on the Clerk’s Office and in most cases increases the
efficiency of the Court. The parties shall submit a file-stamped courtesy hard
copy to the Case Manager of all filings, including any attachments, that are
greater than 20 pages in length. Counsel should NOT attempt to avoid this
requirement by unnecessarily separating a motion, brief, and attachments or
exhibits into separate submissions.
B. Electronic filings shall be in accordance with Administrative Procedures for
Electronic Filing in Civil and Criminal Cases. Questions regarding electronic filing
should be directed to the Clerk’s Office.
C. Voluminous, double-sided, or irregular documents:
1) Leave of Court is required for the conventional filing of documents greater
than 20 pages in length. Such documents should be filed electronically when
possible.
2) Leave of Court is required for the conventional filing of documents printed
on both sides. Such documents should be filed electronically when possible.
3) Leave of Court is required for the filing of over-sized or irregularly shaped
documents which are not capable of being readily imaged by court
personnel and equipment. Such documents should be filed electronically
when possible.
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D. If possible, both the courtesy hard copy and the electronic filing must be filed on
the same day.
E. Counsel shall not combine two different and unrelated pleadings (motions,
responses, replies, or exhibits) into the same electronically filed document.
4. COURT SETTINGS
A. Docket Call and Trial:
1) Final Pretrial Conferences will be held on a monthly basis on designated
days. Counsel should be prepared to discuss all matters related to the trial,
including all matters related to jury selection, 404(b) matters, motions to
suppress, exhibits, and motions in limine.
2) Jury Selection will be held once a month pursuant to a designated schedule.
Typically, the Court will pick twelve (12) jurors and (2) alternates. Unless
otherwise ordered, the Court will conduct the voir dire.
A. Re-arraignments, Sentencings, and Motion Hearings:
1) Re-arraignments will be held at the end of the Final Pretrial Conference
unless other arrangements are made with the Case Manager. Once a plea
agreement is reached, counsel should notify the Case Manager immediately.
The Magistrate Judge may take guilty pleas in felony cases if requested by
the Court.
2) Sentencings and re-arraignments not heard at final pretrial are routinely
scheduled at 8:30 a.m. throughout the month as the Court’s schedule permit.
3) Motion Hearings are set in the Scheduling Order. These will be heard by
the Magistrate Judge. Counsel may request a hearing for emergencies and
should notify the Case Manager of unusual motions or if an extended time
period is anticipated by counsel.
5. CONTINUANCES
A. Joint motions for continuances are not binding, and they will be granted only at the
Court’s discretion. All motions shall set out any applicable exception(s) to the
Speedy Trial Act.
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B. Trial will not be continued because a witness, expert, or other party is unavailable.
Counsel should anticipate such possibilities and be prepared to present testimony
by written or videotaped deposition, or counsel should arrange to settle necessary
matters by stipulation.
C. All motions shall set out the relevant exception(s) to the Speedy Trial Act, where
applicable.
D. All motions shall set out the length of time for which the continuance is requested.
6. MOTION PRACTICE
A. Motions must contain a certificate of conference, certificate of service, and an
appropriate order. Rote motions are inappropriate. All motions should be tailored
to the case. A proposed order containing the specific relief sought should
accompany all motions. The certificate of conference must truthfully indicate that
counsel have attempted to work out all disputes in advance. Merely placing a call
or emailing is not the equivalent of actually discussing the topic.
B. The Court (or the Magistrate Judge) will consider all pending motions at the motion
hearing or as the Court’s schedule permits.
C. If an evidentiary hearing is necessary, counsel should notify the Case Manager in
advance. Exhibit and witness lists must be electronically filed at least 24 hours prior
to the hearing. Appropriate notice should be given to opposing counsel.
D. Motions to Suppress must be specific and must be in compliance with the local
rules. Motions not in conformity therewith will be struck. (See the attached Order—
Appendix “A”).
E. All Motions to Dismiss, Motions to Sever, and Motions for Separate Trial must be
specific and brought to the Court’s attention at least thirty (30) days before jury
selection. (See the attached Order—Appendix “B”).
F. The pages of all pleadings (including plea agreements) are to be numbered so as to
ease the review of the same by the Court and opposing counsel.
G. The Court will not grant a motion to blanketly adopt another party’s motions and
such a motion should not be filed.
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H. Discovery motions should only be filed if there is a dispute. Do not file standardized
discovery motions as a matter of course.
7. REQUIRED PRETRIAL MATERIALS
A. Counsel must provide electronically filed copies of their exhibit and witness lists
with notice to opposing counsel.
B. Jury Trials:
1) Prior to final pretrial, Counsel must file proposed voir dire questions and
proposed jury instructions. Each proposed voir dire question must be in
question form. The Court will conduct the examination of the panel.
2) Jury instructions must be short, simple, and concise. Each should be
numbered and presented on a separate sheet of paper with the citation of
authority upon which counsel rely.
3) Failure to timely file is a waiver of the right to file.
8. EXHIBITS
A. The offering party will mark its exhibits with the party’s identity, case number, and
exhibit number on each exhibit to be offered. Each exhibit must be marked prior to
final pretrial.
B. Unless already accomplished at the Final Pretrial Conference, the Court will admit
all exhibits into evidence that have not been objected to or those whose objections
were overruled as the first order of business. Sensitive exhibits (such as weapons,
drugs, and money) will remain in the custody of the government agent throughout
the proceedings. Photographs may be introduced in place of the real item when the
jury retires for deliberations.
C. Counsel will not pass exhibits to the jury during trial without obtaining permission
in advance from the Court. All admitted exhibits will go to the jury during its
deliberations. It is the duty of counsel to make sure all the admitted exhibits and
only the admitted exhibits are in the possession of the Case Manager for delivery
to the jury. It is also the duty of the offering party to make sure the Court has
available the means for the jury to access all exhibits.
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D. Counsel for each party is required to provide the Court with a copy of that party’s
exhibits in a properly tabbed and indexed notebook.
E. All exhibits must be withdrawn at the conclusion of the trial by the party that
submitted the exhibit. Each party will sign a “Receipt for Withdrawal of Exhibits,”
after which all admitted exhibits will be returned to the appropriate party. Each
party is responsible for entering their exhibit on the Court’s ECF system.
F. All counsel are expected to agree to admissibility when possible so that the jury is
not burdened with witnesses called to prove up mere formalities in situations in
which all counsel are aware that there is no question concerning authenticity.
G. Boilerplate, multifarious, and/or non-specific objections will not be considered.
Objections should be specific and tailored to the instant case and to the exhibit or
matter at issue.
9. EQUIPMENT
A. Counsel are responsible for providing any equipment necessary to facilitate
opening/closing arguments and presentation of the case (e.g. PowerPoint, etc.).
Counsel must inform the Case Manager prior to trial so arrangements can be made
to accommodate building security. This includes providing the Court with the
means for the jury to access all exhibits during its deliberations.
B. Easels with writing pads and drawing boards are available for use in the courtroom.
C. A Document Camera is available for projecting documents that are letter-sized or
smaller, including pictures. VGA and HDMI connections for laptops to project
documents or videos to the jury are available at counsel tables.
D. Real-time reporting is not automatically provided by the Court Reporter. Any
requests for a transcript or portions thereof should be arranged directly with the
Court Reporter.
E. Any special needs for parties or witnesses should also be brought to the Case
Manager’s attention well in advance of the trial.
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10. COURTROOM PROCEDURES
A. Hours: The Court’s hours during trial vary depending upon the type of case and the
needs of the jury, parties, counsel, witnesses, and the Court. Court will normally
convene trial at 9:00 a.m. and adjourn at 5:00-6:00 p.m., recessing for lunch
between 12:00 noon and 1:30 p.m. Morning and afternoon breaks will be taken as
needed.
B. Access at Other Times: Counsel needing access to the courtroom to set up or test
equipment or to bring exhibits outside the normal hours of court must arrange in
advance with the Case Manager to have the courtroom open.
C. Telephones: Telephone messages for counsel will not be taken by the Court’s staff,
and counsel shall refrain from requesting use of telephones in chambers.
D. Filing Documents: Two copies of documents filed immediately prior to and during
the trial should be submitted to the Case Manager.
E. Decorum:
1) Counsel and parties will comply with the Texas Disciplinary Rules of
Professional Conduct, the Texas Lawyers Creed and the Local Rules
adopted by the Southern District of Texas. These procedures are strictly
enforced. (See also the Courtroom Etiquette attachment).
2) Counsel will ensure that all parties and witnesses (and their family and
guests) maintain proper decorum and refrain from chewing gum, drinking,
eating, smoking, or reading newspapers, books, etc., in the courtroom. No
electronic devices are allowed in the courtroom. If counsel anticipates a
need for any electronic item, arrangements should be made in advance with
the Case Manager.
F. Witnesses:
1) Counsel are responsible for summoning witnesses into the courtroom and
instructing them on courtroom decorum. If “the Rule” has been invoked,
counsel are also responsible for instructing their witnesses as to their duties
thereunder. Witnesses shall be questioned while the attorney is standing at
the podium unless otherwise instructed by the Court.
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2) Counsel must obtain permission from the Court to approach a witness.
3) Counsel shall make every effort to elicit from the witnesses only
information relevant to the issues in the case and to avoid cumulative
testimony.
4) Counsel should bear in mind the Court’s hours and arrange for witnesses
accordingly. The Court will not recess to permit counsel to call a missing
witness unless he or she has been subpoenaed and has failed to appear.
5) Speaking objections or those with long narratives should be avoided. Side
Bar comments are similarly prohibited.
G. Seating:
1) The table nearer to the jury is to be used by the prosecution, and the defense
is to use the one sitting farther from the jury.
2) Once counsel have determined their seating arrangement, the Case Manager
will note their position on a chart for the Court and there will be no change
once trial has begun, except at the Court’s direction.
3) Enter and leave the courtroom only by the front doors; do not use the
Court’s or jury’s entrances.
4) Stand to make objections and remain standing until the Judge has ruled.
H. Deliberations: While the jury deliberates, unless given permission by the Court,
counsel should remain in or near the courtroom to be available for jury notes or a
verdict. Counsel should supply a telephone number to the Case Manager for contact
during deliberations.
I. Ex-juror contact: After the jury and counsel are excused, neither counsel, nor the
parties, nor their representatives, may contact jurors without the Court’s
permission.
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[ATTACHMENTS]
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT ☆ SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA §
§
VS. § Criminal Action H-
§
§
SCHEDULING ORDER
1. Depositions in the _______________________ at ________________ at _____________.
2. Deadlines Motions: ______________________________
Any motions filed must comply with the Local Rules for the Southern
District of Texas, in particular SDTX CrLR 12.2.
Response: ______________________________
If discovery is opposed, opposition must be filed immediately and
response(s) must comply with the Local Rules for the Southern District
of Texas, in particular SDTX CrLR 12.3.
*Request(s) and objection(s) must be based on substance, not form.
3. Motion hearing before Magistrate Judge _________ _________________ at 9:00 a.m.
4. Docket call and Final Pretrial Conference: _________________ at 8:30 a.m.
*Proposed voir dire questions and jury instructions due at Docket Call/Final Pretrial
Conference.
**A courtesy copy must be made available to the Court if it exceeds 25 pages.
Parties must engage in timely plea negotiations. The FPTC date is NOT a date to secure a
plea agreement and review it with the defendant-client. The parties must be ready to enter a
plea of guilty or proceed to trial on announcement.
5. Jury Selection: ____________________ at 9:00 a.m.
6. Estimate Trial Time: (6.0 – 7.0 hours/day) ____________________ day(s)
7. Motions for continuance must be filed at least three (3) business days prior to the date of
the court setting and will be granted only at the Court’s discretion. Motions for continuance
made on the day the matter is set will not be granted absent a showing of good cause.
8. This Court’s criminal docket is extremely crowded, and for purposes of docket
management this Court must be informed as to possible pre-trial disposition of cases on its
docket. Therefore, pursuant to the Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(e)(5) and the
holding of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in United States v. Ellis, 47 F.2d 863 (5th Cir.
1977), any plea bargain or plea agreement entered into by the parties in this cause must be
made known to the Court three (3) days before FPTC. No plea bargain agreement entered
into after this date will be honored by the Court without good cause shown for the delay.
The defendant and his/her attorney must appear for the Court settings. Failure to appear may result
in additional charges being brought against the defendant.
Direct your questions about this schedule to Rhonda Hawkins, Case Manager, United States
District Court, 515 Rusk Street, Room 8613, Houston, Texas 77002, telephone (713) 250-5518.
Signed on __________________________, at Houston, Texas.
______________________________
United States Magistrate Judge
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
United States of America HOUSTON DIVISION
versus CRIMINAL ACTION NO. H-
EXHIBIT LIST
LIST OF: COUNSEL:
TYPE OF HEARING:
JUDGE: CLERK: REPORTER:
ANDREW S. HANEN RHONDA HAWKINS
NO. DESCRIPTION OFR OBJ ADM DATE
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
United States of America HOUSTON DIVISION
versus CRIMINAL ACTION NO. H-
WITNESS LIST
LIST OF: COUNSEL:
TYPE OF HEARING:
JUDGE: CLERK: REPORTER:
ANDREW S. HANEN RHONDA HAWKINS
NO. NAME OF WITNESS
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
United States of America HOUSTON DIVISION
versus CRIMINAL ACTION NO. H-
WITNESS LIST
LIST OF: COUNSEL:
TYPE OF HEARING:
JUDGE: CLERK: REPORTER:
ANDREW S. HANEN RHONDA HAWKINS
NO. NAME OF WITNESS
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
FOR INFORMATION REGARDING THE FOLLOWING:
U.S. DISTRICT CLERK ........................................................................................ 713-250-5500
JURY......................................................................................................................... 713-250-2155
ADMISSION OF ATTORNEYS...............................................................................713-250-5500
APPEALS ..................................................................................................................713-250-5500
BAIL BONDS, DISBURSEMENT............................................................................713-250-5546
BILL OF COSTS, CERTIFICATION OF JUDGMENT, ABSTRACTS..................713-250-5500
CASE MANAGER TO JUDGE HANEN:
RHONDA HAWKINS...................................................................................713-250-5518
JUDICIAL ASSISTANT TO JUDGE HANEN:
LAUREN WEBSTER................................................................................... 713-250-5908
CASE MANAGER TO UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE FRANCES H. STACY
BEVERLY WHITE ...................................................................................... 713-250-5565
INTERPRETERS .......................................................................................................713-250-5638
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE..............................................................713-567-9000
UNITED STATES PROBATION OFFICE................................................................713-250-5266
UNITED STATES PUBLIC DEFENDER’S OFFICE................................................713-718-4600
UNITED STATES MARSHAL’S OFFICE................................................................713-718-4800
[APPENDICES]
APPENDIX “A”
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT ☆ SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
ORDER
In this District, a practice has developed of filing motions to suppress without alleging
specific facts that form the basis for the motion. All pretrial motions, including motions to
suppress, must comply with Local Criminal Rule 12 (Criminal Pretrial Motion Practice). Motions
to suppress not complying with Local Rule 12 will be considered waived. The Court will not
entertain unsupported pretrial motions.
Local Rule 12.1 instructs counsel to follow Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Rule 12
“to ensure consistent and efficient practice before this Court.” Local Rule 12.2 outlines the form
of a pretrial motion. Most importantly, the rule specifies that:
A pretrial motion shall be in writing and state specifically the basis for the motion.
The motion shall be supported by a statement of authority .... If the motion presents
issues of fact, it shall be supported by affidavit or declaration which sets forth with
particularity the material facts at issue.
The rule is sufficiently clear and needs no further explanation. All motions to suppress not
complying with the requirements of form will be considered waived pursuant to Rule 12.1.
Local Rule 12 is supported by Fifth Circuit precedent. In United States v. Harrelson, 705
F.2d. 733, 737 (5th Cir. 1983), the Fifth Circuit addressed this issue and declared that
“[e]videntiary hearings are not granted as a matter of course, but are held only when the defendant
alleges sufficient facts which, if proven, would justify relief.” (citations omitted). “Factual
allegations set forth in the defendant's motion, including any accompanying affidavits, must be
sufficiently definite, specific, detailed, and nonconjectural, to enable the court to conclude that a
substantial claim is presented.” Id. (quotations omitted). “General or conclusionary assertions,
founded upon mere suspicion or conjecture, will not suffice.” Id. (citing 3 C. WRIGHT, FEDERAL
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE: CRIMINAL 2D, § 675 (1982)).
Fifth Circuit precedent and the Local Rules establish that motions to suppress must allege
specific facts. Cursory motions filed to “test” the constitutionality of statements which may or may
not have been made do not allege sufficient facts to warrant an evidentiary hearing. A motion to
suppress is not the proper vehicle for determining whether a defendant made statements to law
enforcement; what statements may have been made; or the circumstances under which they may
have been made. “Hearings on motions to suppress are not discovery proceedings, but are instead
designed for the presentation of evidence in support of factual allegations which, if proved, would
justify the relief sought.” Id. at 738. There are other more efficient methods of obtaining the
relevant information for discovery purposes.
The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provide methods of obtaining discoverable
information. Defense counsel and the United States Attorney's Office alike should follow the letter
and the spirit of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, particularly Rules 12 and 16. Should the
government fail to meet its obligations under the applicable discovery rules, defendants and
defense counsel will address the matter with the Magistrate Judge in the form of a motion to
compel discovery.
To recap, the Court will not entertain conjectural or conclusionary motions to suppress.
The Court will hold evidentiary hearings on motions to suppress conforming with Local Rule 12
and Fifth Circuit precedent; all other motions will be considered waived, and an evidentiary
hearing will not be held. Moreover, the United States Attorney’s Office will comply with the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, so that defendants will have access to all files containing the
statements made by a defendant. Via such access, defendants will have the ability to articulate a
motion to suppress conforming with Fifth Circuit precedent, the Local Rules, and this
memorandum. All motions should include certificates of conference, certificates of service, and a
proposed order.
Signed this 31st day of October, 2019.
___________________________________
Andrew S. Hanen
United States District Judge
APPENDIX “B”
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT ☆ SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
ORDER
All Motions to Dismiss the Indictment, Motions to Sever or for Separate Trials, and any
other motions, regardless of how styled, which challenge and/or collaterally attack a prior order of
deportation [for example, those made pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241] shall be filed together with a
request for a hearing at least thirty (30) days before jury selection. Each motion shall specifically
state the grounds, therefore, and the alleged facts supporting those grounds. Non-specific form
motions, multifarious motions or objections, and ambiguous or unsupported challenges shall not
be acceptable, and all such motions will be denied. The motion shall be accompanied with a request
for a hearing, certificate of conference, certificate of service, and proposed order. Failure to timely
file such a motion, to request a hearing, or to comply with the requirement of specific and
supported objections shall be considered a waiver of those claims.
Signed this 31st day of October, 2019.
___________________________________
Andrew S. Hanen
United States District Judge
APPENDIX “C”
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT ☆ SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
ORDER
Courtroom Etiquette
People who appear in court must observe these and other conventions of courteous, orderly
behavior.
A. Be punctual.
B. Remain in attendance until excused. All persons sitting before the bar shall remain there
during each session and return after each recess. Parties and counsel must remain in
attendance during jury deliberations; absence waives the right to attend the return of the
verdict.
C. Dress with dignity.
D. Address others only by their titles, if applicable, and/or surnames, including lawyers,
witnesses, and court personnel.
E. Unless instructed otherwise, stand when the Court speaks to you; stand when you speak to
the Court. Speak only to the Court, except for questioning witnesses and, in opening and
closing, addressing the jury. Do not argue with opposing counsel.
F. Avoid approaching the bench. Counsel should anticipate the necessity for rulings and
discuss them when the jury is not seated. When a bench conference is unavoidable, get
permission first.
G. Hand to the Case Manager or law clerk, not the judge or reporter, all documents or items
tendered for examination by the judge.
H. Stand when the judge or jury enters or leaves the courtroom.
I. Contact with the law clerks is ex parte contact with the Court. Contact must only be through
the Case Manager.
J. Assist in the summoning of witnesses from outside the courtroom. Furnish the Case
Manager, marshal, and court reporter with a list of witnesses showing the order in which
they are likely to be called.
K. Question witnesses while standing at the lectern unless instructed otherwise by the Court.
When it is necessary to question a witness about an exhibit, ask permission to approach the
witness.
L. Conduct no experiment or demonstration without permission.
M. Do not participate in a trial as an attorney if you expect you may be called as a witness
unless given prior permission by the Court.
N. Avoid disparaging remarks and acrimony toward counsel and discourage ill will between
the litigants. Counsel must abstain from unnecessary references to opposing counsel,
especially peculiarities.
O. Make no side-bar remarks or speaking objections.
P. Counsel are responsible for advising their clients, witnesses, and associate counsel about
proper courtroom behavior and about pertinent rulings of the Court such as rulings on
motions in limine.
Q. Request the use of easels, light boxes, and other equipment well in advance so that they
may be set up while the Court is not in session.
Signed this 31st day of October, 2019.
___________________________________
Andrew S. Hanen
United States District Judge
