open and conclude the testimony and argument unless the plaintiff’s entire case shall be admitted
by the defendant’s pleadings, and the controversy shall be wholly upon matter of counterclaim or
affirmative defense interposed by the defendant. A full opening of the case, both in testimony
and argument, shall be made by the party having the opening. Unless otherwise ordered by the
court, the reply shall be restricted to a reply to new matter both as to testimony and argument.
Closing arguments in criminal cases are governed by Fed. R. Crim. P. 29.11. The time allowed
for argument in both criminal and civil cases shall be limited by the court as the cause may seem
to require.
