Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(d)(3), the clerk will accept papers filed, signed, or
verified by electronic means that are consistent with technical standards, if any, that the
Judicial Conference of the United States establishes. Papers filed by electronic means shall
be governed by the court’s Electronic Case Filing Policies and Procedures Manual (ECF
Policy Manual) and orders of the court. Electronic case filing is mandatory except as
specifically exempted in the ECF Policy Manual.
