An authorized filing made through a person’s electronic filing account, together with the
person’s name on a signature block, constitutes the person’s signature for all purposes,
including Fed.R.Civ.P. 11.
The electronic filing of preexisting documents, not created for the litigation, requires no
verification as to signatures. When a document to be electronically filed has been created for
the litigation, but is signed by other than an attorney of record, the document must be physically
signed.
(New rule added May 15, 2003, effective October 1, 2003; Amended July 10, 2006, effective August 28, 2006; Amended October 11, 2018,
effective December 1, 2018; Amended October 2, 2019, effective November 1, 2019)
