SIT

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

SITAuthored
The Law Mind • 997 words
Definition
To sit, in legal usage, means for a court, tribunal, grand jury, legislative body, or other formal deliberative assembly to be convened, formally organized, and actively engaged in the transaction of its official business. When a court is said to "sit," it is not merely physically assembled but is exercising its jurisdiction and authority — conducting hearings, receiving evidence, issuing rulings, or otherwise performing its institutional functions. The term applies equally to the body as a whole and to individual members in their official capacities. A judge "sits" when presiding over proceedings within the court's jurisdiction. An appellate panel "sits" when convened to hear argument or deliberate on pending matters. A grand jury "sits" when impaneled and conducting its investigative function.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): To be in a position in which the upper body is upright and supported by the buttocks; to occupy a given position; to be a member of a deliberative body; of a judicial or legislative body, to be in session. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): Recorded primarily as an archaic third-person singular present form ("sitteth"), reflecting its grammatical function more than its physical meaning in formal prose of the period. The common meaning and legal meaning share the same root but diverge in precision. In everyday speech, a group "sits" when physically present. In legal usage, a court "sits" only when formally convened and legally empowered to act — physical assembly without proper organization, quorum, or jurisdiction does not constitute sitting in the legal sense.
Common Confusion
"Sit" is sometimes loosely equated with merely being present or assembled. Courts have drawn a meaningful distinction: a court may be physically in session in a room yet not legally "sitting" if it lacks quorum, proper notice has not been given, or it is acting outside its term or jurisdiction. The cases cited in Black's 2nd Ed. — Allen v. State and Cock v. State — reflect disputes that turned on whether a court was in fact legally sitting at the relevant moment. Researchers should not assume physical convening satisfies the legal standard.
Why It Matters in Research
This term is operationally significant across multiple layers of legal research. Jurisdictional and procedural consequences often turn on whether a court was legally "sitting" at a given time. Statutes of limitations, notice requirements, filing deadlines, and the validity of orders entered can all depend on whether the court was properly in session when the relevant action was taken. A ruling issued when a court lacked authority to sit may be void or voidable, and this was a live issue in 19th-century practice — which is why the 2nd edition of Black's added case citations absent from the 1st. In English legal sources, researchers will encounter "sittings" as a term of art with a distinct technical structure. Anderson notes that English "sittings" carry much the same meaning as American "session" or "term," but the internal divisions matter: sittings in banc were for questions of law, sittings at nisi prius were for trial of issues of fact. These categories do not map cleanly onto American court organization, and conflating them in historical research will produce confusion. Researchers working with English sources pre-20th century should treat "sittings in banc" and "sittings at nisi prius" as their own cross-reference targets. The verb form "to sit" also appears in constitutional and statutory contexts — judges are said to "sit" on particular courts or panels, and assignment orders may specify which judges are authorized to sit by designation. In federal practice, district judges sitting by designation on circuit courts, or retired judges recalled to sit, operate under specific statutory authority, and whether someone was properly designated to sit can bear on the validity of a panel's composition. Researchers should be alert to the difference between "sitting" as an ongoing status and "a sitting" as a discrete session or hearing. Historical records may use the noun form to enumerate specific occasions on which a court met. Note: The Rapalje & Lawrence entry included in the source material — concerning loss of a wife's society and special damage in actions by husbands — appears to be a misplaced or corrupted entry unrelated to "sit." It has no connection to this term and should be disregarded.
Historical Dictionary Support
Black's 1st and 2nd editions are in agreement on the core definition: to sit is to hold a session and to be formally organized and proceeding with business. The 2nd edition added case citations (Allen v. State, 102 Ga. 619; Cock v. State, 8 Tex. App. 659), which signals that by the time of revision, the question of whether a court was legally sitting had generated enough litigation to warrant documentation. Anderson's Dictionary of Law offers the most granular treatment, connecting "sit" to the English distinction between sittings in banc and sittings at nisi prius and directing readers to "SESSION" and "TERM" as companion entries — a useful navigational signal that this term cannot be fully understood in isolation. Burrill's Law Dictionary provides no substantive entry beyond a page reference, offering no independent analytical value here. None of the historical dictionaries address the question of sitting by designation or the constitutional dimensions of judicial assignment — areas where 20th- and 21st-century law has developed substantially beyond anything these sources anticipate.
Jurisdictional Note
In federal courts, statutes governing when and how courts sit — including provisions for special terms and recalled or designated judges — are found in Title 28 of the U.S. Code. State court systems vary significantly in how "sittings" are defined and scheduled, and historical state practice (particularly in states that adopted English term structures) may require consulting state-specific sources alongside general dictionaries.
Related Terms
Session — Term — Sitting — In Banc — Nisi Prius — Convene — Jurisdiction — Quorum — Adjournment — Panel — Sitting by Designation — Court Term
SITmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
To hold a session, as of a court, grand jury, legislative body, etc. To be formally organized and proceeding with the transaction of business.
SITmain
Black's Law Dictionary (2nd Ed.) • 1910
To hold a session, as of a court, grand jury, legislative body, etc. To be formally organized and proceeding with the transaction of business. See Allen v. State, 102 Ga. 619, 29 S. B. 470; Cock y. State, 8 Tex. App. 659.
SITmain
Rapalje & Lawrence • 1883
- Whereby he lost the benefit of her society. An allegation of special damage introduced into the declaration in actions by husbands for injuries to their wives, as for beating, false imprisonment, &c.
SITn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Sit, for sitteth.
SITv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To rest upon the haunches, or the lower extremity of the trunk of the body; -- said of human beings, and sometimes of other animals; as, to sit on a sofa, on a chair, or on the ground. And he came and took the book put of the right hand of him that sate upon the seat. Bible (1551) (Rev. v. 7.) I pray you, jest, sir, as you sit at dinner. Shak. To perch; to rest with the feet drawn up, as birds do on a branch, pole, etc. To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest in any position or condition. And Moses said to . . . the children of Reuben, Shall your brothren go to war, and shall ye sit here Num. xxxii. 6. Like a demigod here sit I in the sky. Shak. To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh; -- with on; as, a weight or burden sits lightly upon him. The calamity sits heavy on us. Jer. Taylor. To be adjusted; to fit; as, a coat sts well or ill. This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, Sits not so easy on me as you think. Shak. To suit one well or ill, as an act; to become; to befit; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] Chaucer. To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood; to incubate. As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11. To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a relative position; to have direction. Like a good miller that knows how to grind, which way soever the wind sits. Selden. Sits the wind in that quarter Sir W. Scott. To occupy a place or seat as a member of an official body; as, to sit in Congress. To hold a session; to be in session for official business; -- said of legislative assemblies, courts, etc.; as, the court sits in January; the aldermen sit to-night. To take a position for the purpose of having some artistic representation of one's self made, as a picture or a bust; as, to sit to a painter. To sit at, to rest under; to be subject to. [Obs.] "A farmer can not husband his ground so well if he sit at a great rent". Bacon. -- To sit at meat or at table, to be at table for eating. -- To sit down. (a) To place one's self on a chair or other seat; as, to sit down when tired. (b) To begin a siege; as, the enemy sat down before the town. (c) To settle; to fix a permanent abode. Spenser. (d) To rest; to cease as satisfied. "Here we can not sit down, but still proceed in our search." Rogers. -- To sit for a fellowship, to offer one's self for examination with a view to obtaining a fellowship. [Eng. Univ.] -- To sit out. (a) To be without engagement or employment. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. (b) To outstay. -- To sit under, to be under the instruction or ministrations of; as, to sit under a preacher; to sit under good preaching. -- To sit up, to rise from, or refrain from, a recumbent posture or from sleep; to sit with the body upright; as, to sit up late at night; also, to watch; as, to sit up with a sick person. "He that was dead sat up, and began to speak." Luke vii. 15.
SITv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; as, he sits a horse well. Hardly the muse can sit the headstrong horse. Prior. To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish a seat to; -- used reflexively. They sat them down to weep. Milton. Sit you down, father; rest you. Shak. To suit (well or ill); to become. [Obs. or R.]
sitverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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To be in a position in which the upper body is upright and supported by the buttocks. | To move oneself into such a position. | To occupy a given position. | To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest in any position or condition. | To be a member of a deliberative body. | Of a legislative or, especially, a judicial body such as a court, to be in session. | To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh. | To be adjusted; to fit. | To be accepted or acceptable; to work. | To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish a seat to. | To accommodate in seats; to seat. | To babysit. | To take, to undergo or complete (an examination or test). | To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood; to incubate. | To take a position for the purpose of having some artistic representation of oneself made, such as a picture or a bust. | To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a relative position; to have direction. | To keep one's seat when faced with (a blow, attack); to endure, to put up with.
Sitname
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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A surname.
sitnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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An act of sitting. | Subsidence of the roof of a coal mine. | An event, usually lasting one full day or more, where the primary goal is to sit in meditation.

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