RUN

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

RUNAuthored
The Law Mind • 1250 words
Definition
In law, "run" is a functional verb appearing across multiple doctrinal contexts. It carries distinct meanings depending on whether it describes a legal instrument's geographic reach, a time period's progression, a covenant's binding effect, or a watercourse. The term has no single technical definition but instead operates as a term of art whose meaning must be determined by context. 1. Geographic operation. A writ, judgment, or legal process "runs" when it has legal force and validity throughout a particular territory. A writ is said to run throughout the county, the state, or within a prescribed jurisdiction. The phrase signals where the instrument may be enforced. 2. Temporal operation. A limitations period, notice period, or other time-based rule "runs" as it progresses from its triggering event toward its deadline. The statute of limitations "runs against" a claim from the moment the cause of action accrues. When the period expires, it is said to have "run out." 3. Running with the land. A covenant or easement "runs with the land" when its benefit or burden transfers automatically to successive owners of the property, rather than remaining personal to the original parties. This is the most doctrinally significant use of the word in property law. 4. Passage or spread. A fire, water, or other physical phenomenon "runs upon" adjacent land when it spreads across a boundary, a usage that appears in early tort and nuisance statutes defining liability for uncontrolled spread of fire or floodwater. 5. Unrestrained movement. An animal "runs at large" when it roams without confinement or control. See AT LARGE. 6. Watercourse (noun). In American law, a "run" is a watercourse of small size, used interchangeably with "creek" in some older sources and legal descriptions.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): Run, as an adjective, describes something in a liquid or molten state, cast in a mould, exhausted or depleted, having completed a migration, or smuggled. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): To move swiftly or with quick action, said of persons, animals, or things; to flow, glide, or roll onward as a stream. The ordinary meaning of run emphasizes physical movement at speed. Legal usage strips out the motion entirely in most contexts: a writ "runs" not because it travels but because it holds force; a limitations period "runs" not because it moves but because it elapses. The watercourse sense, by contrast, preserves the flowing connotation of common usage and is the closest the legal definition gets to the physical sense of the word.
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES Run with the land: Covenants and equitable servitudes that bind or benefit successive owners automatically. Requires analysis of intent, touch-and-concern, and privity depending on jurisdiction. Run against: Used of statutes of limitations; the period runs against the claimant, meaning it counts down to extinguish the right to sue. Run throughout: Used of writs and process; establishes the geographic scope of enforceability. Run at large: Used of animals; establishes that an animal is unconfined and the owner may face strict or negligence-based liability for resulting harm. Run (noun): A minor watercourse; appears in deed descriptions and boundary disputes.
Why It Matters in Research
The word "run" appears constantly in historical legal sources but rarely as the primary entry under research. Researchers should watch for several traps. First, temporal and geographic uses are easily conflated in older opinions. A court saying a writ "runs" may mean it is valid in a place, or it may mean it is still in force in time. The surrounding context determines which sense is operative. Second, the running-with-the-land doctrine has a complex doctrinal history that varies sharply between law and equity. Older sources treat "running covenants" under real covenant doctrine with strict privity requirements. Equity developed the separate concept of equitable servitudes with looser privity rules. Modern sources often merge these, and the Restatement (Third) of Property: Servitudes attempts a unified framework. Researchers using 19th-century or early 20th-century sources must determine which body of law the court was applying. Third, in limitations research, "run" language can mask a choice-of-law question: some jurisdictions toll (pause) the running of limitations under specified circumstances, so a period that has nominally "run" may not have legally expired. Always confirm whether tolling doctrines apply before concluding a claim is time-barred. Fourth, the "run at large" usage appears primarily in agricultural states' livestock and fencing statutes. The standard of liability for animals running at large varied historically by whether a jurisdiction followed open-range or closed-range rules, making the phrase jurisdictionally sensitive. Fifth, the watercourse sense appears almost exclusively in deed descriptions, boundary dispute pleadings, and riparian rights cases from the 18th and 19th centuries. Modern survey descriptions rarely use "run" as a noun, so it is a signal of historical documentation rather than contemporary usage.
Historical Dictionary Support
The historical dictionaries agree on the core meanings but differ in emphasis and organization. Rapalje & Lawrence provides the most compressed and analytically useful entry, treating "run" as taking effect "in point of place" or "in point of time" and expressly equating it with "pass" or "spread." The parenthetical equivalence to "pass" is a useful research tool: in older sources where "run" is ambiguous, searching for "pass" may recover parallel authority. Bouvier synthesizes the Rapalje & Lawrence temporal/geographic meaning with Anderson's "run at large" and watercourse senses, giving the fullest coverage. Bouvier also cites the watercourse usage with specific authority (2 Bibb 354; 7 Wheat. 162), confirming that "run" as a noun for a small watercourse had genuine currency in early American decisions. Black's Law Dictionary leads with a concise functional definition — currency or legal validity in a prescribed territory, applicability during a prescribed period, and following or attachment to something — which captures the three main doctrinal uses economically. Anderson's Dictionary of Law emphasizes the "run at large" and "run upon the land" senses, which reflect the more practical, agricultural concerns of American statutory law. Burrill's Law Dictionary focuses exclusively on the watercourse meaning and does not address the other senses, making it a limited source for this term's full doctrinal range. What the historical dictionaries collectively miss: none provides meaningful treatment of the running-with-the-land doctrine under this entry, despite it being the most litigated context in which "run" appears as a legal term of art. Researchers should not rely on dictionary entries alone for covenant analysis; the doctrine must be traced through property law treatises and equity decisions.
Jurisdictional Note
The running-with-the-land doctrine varies significantly by state, particularly regarding the privity requirements for real covenants at law versus equitable servitudes. The "run at large" standard for animal liability depends heavily on whether a state has open-range or closed-range fencing laws, a distinction that splits roughly along historical agricultural lines and remains operative in several western states.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
Real Covenants — Running with the Land (Horizontal and Vertical Privity) (The Law Mind Property Law Encyclopedia) Motor Vehicle and Transportation Torts — Hit-and-Run and Phantom Vehicle Doctrines (The Law Mind Torts & Personal Injury Encyclopedia)
Related Terms
Running with the land | Covenant | Equitable servitude | Easement | Statute of limitations | Tolling | At large | Writ | Watercourse | Riparian rights | Privity | Touch and concern | Process | Laches
RUNmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
other without any known authority for the truth of it. Webster. It is not generally admissible in evidence. RUN, .. To have currency or legal va- 0 lidity in a prescribed territory; as, the writ P Q R runs throughout the county. To have applicability or legal effect during prescribed period of time; as, the statute of limitations has run against the claim. To follow or accompany; to be attached to another thing in pursuing a prescribed course or direction; as, the covenant runs with the land. RUN, n. In American law. A water- course of small size. 2 Bibb, 354.
RUNmain
Rapalje & Lawrence • 1883
To take effect in point of place, as of a writ running in given localities; or in point of time, as of the running of the Statute of Limitations. " RUN, (equivalent to pass" or "spread"). RUN WITH THE LAND, (what covenants do). 30 Conn. 304, 307. 10 East 138. RUNCARIA.-Land full of brambles and briars. 1 Inst. 5 a.
RUNmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
the plaintiff was entitled to compensation for the injury suffered, and the manner of the publication could be considered either in mitigation or aggravation.¹ 1. To stroll without restraint or confinement; as, for an animal "to run at large." See AT LARGE. 2. To pass, spread, communicate; as, in a statute providing for the payment of damages by a person who set a fire that "run upon the land" of another.2 3. To continue to be valid or binding, to possess legal efficacy: a bond or a lease may run for a term" of years, and a note for days or months. “ 4. A covenant "runs with land" when the liability to perform it, or the right to take advantage of it, passes to the assignee or purchaser. See COVENANT, Real. 5. The statute of limitations "begins to run" when the cause of action first becomes subject to its operation. And when the statute has once begun, it continues to run until its effect is complete. See LIMITATION, 3; TEMPUS, Nullum, etc. 6. Warrants of commitment and indictment "run in the name " of a State when they bear upon their face the name of the proper State as the nominal actor or prosecutor. See further PEOPLE. Running account. See ACCOUNT, 1. Running at large. See Run, 1. Running days. See WORKING DAYS. Running policy. See INSURANCE, Policy of. Running water. See AQUA, Currit.
RUNv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: -- Of voluntary or personal action: To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. "Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran. Chaucer. To flee, as from fear or danger. As from a bear a man would run for life. Shak. To steal off; to depart secretly. My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. Shak. To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize So run, that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24. To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted Addison. To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject. Addison. To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; - - with on. To creep, as serpents. Of involuntary motion: To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. Addison. Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward. To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not the contrary. She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son. Pope. To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. To make progress; to proceed; to pass. As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster. Addison. To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones. Swift. To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. Locke. Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason. Shak. To be in form thus, as a combination of words. The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king." Bp. Sanderson. To be popularly known; to be generally received. Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome. Sir W. Temple. Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. Knolle To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves. Mortimer. To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. Bacon. Temperate climates run into moderate governments. Swift. To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but near the borders they run into one another. I. Watts. To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid. Sir J. Child. To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion). To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As thing run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after similies. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. -- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals . . . run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out. And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out. Dryden. -- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to excess. -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast. But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. Sir W. Scott. -- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.
RUNv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. To run the world back to its first original. South. I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its "punctum saliens." Collier. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. You run your head into the lion's mouth. Sir W. Scott. Having run his fingers through his hair. Dickens. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. They ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41. A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets. Ray. Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions. Locke. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. The purest gold must be run and washed. Felton. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line. To cause to pass, to evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods. heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods. Swift. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.] To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chance, below. "He runneth two dangers." Bacon. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them. Clarendon. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell. Shak. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.] To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.] To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. "religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. -- To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. -- To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice." Addison. -- To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.run up a bill (c) To erect hastily, as a building.
RUNn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run. A small stream; a brook; a creek. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities. Burke. State of being current; currency; popularity. it is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long continuance, if not diversified with humor. Addison. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights. A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run. Macaulay. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. Howitt. The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. A voyage; as, run to China. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.] A think of giving her a run in London. Dickens. The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes. A roulade, or series of running tones. The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. The "runs" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen interchanging ends at each run. R. A. Proctor. A pair or set of millstones. At the long run, now, commonly, In the long run, in or during the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the end; finally. [Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses them in the long run. J. H. Newman. -- Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See under Home. -- The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the generality or average of people or things; also, that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind. I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks. Walpole. Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the common run of men. Prof. Wilson. His whole appearance was something out of the common run. W. Irving. -- To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.
runadj
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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In a liquid state; melted or molten. | Cast in a mould. | Exhausted; depleted (especially with "down" or "out"). | Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run. | Smuggled.
runverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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past participle of rin
runverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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To move swiftly. | To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot. | To move swiftly. | To go at a fast pace; to move quickly. | To move swiftly. | To cover (a course or a distance) by running. | To move swiftly. | To complete a running course or event in (a given time). | To move swiftly. | To move briskly or smoothly with a motion of sliding, rolling, sweeping etc. | To move swiftly. | To cause to move quickly or lightly. | To move swiftly. | To compete in a race. | To move swiftly. | To transport (someone or something), notionally at a brisk pace. | To move swiftly. | Of a means of transportation: to travel (a route). | To move swiftly. | To cause (a vehicle) to travel a route. | To move swiftly. | To transit (a length of a river), as in whitewater rafting. | To move swiftly. | Of fish, to migrate for spawning. | To move swiftly. | To carry (a football) down the field, as opposed to passing or kicking. | To move swiftly. | To flee from a danger or towards help. | To move swiftly. | To pass (without stopping), typically a stop signal, stop sign, or duty to yield the right of way. | To move swiftly. | To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly. | To flow. | Of a liquid or electric current, to flow. | To flow. | To move or spread quickly. | To flow. | Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it. | To flow. | To make a liquid or electric current flow from or into an object. | To flow. | To become liquid; to melt. | To flow. | To leak or spread in an undesirable fashion; to bleed (especially used of dye or paint). | To flow. | To fuse; to shape; to mould; to cast. | To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled. | To control or manage; to be in charge of. | To be a candidate in an election. | To make participate in certain kinds of competitions. | To make enter a race. | To make participate in certain kinds of competitions. | To make stand in an election. | To exert continuous activity; to proceed. | To be presented in the media. | To print or broadcast in the media. | To smuggle (illegal goods). | To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control. | To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time. | To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase). | To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time. | To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase). | To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time. | To make (something) extend in space. | To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time. | Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally. | To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time. | To make a machine operate. | To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program. | To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation. | To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse). | To cost an amount of money. | Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel. | To cause stitched clothing to unravel. | To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. | To cause to enter; to thrust. | To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. | To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine. | To encounter or incur (a danger or risk). | To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. | To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. | To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. | To control or have precedence in a card game. | To be in form thus, as a combination of words. | To be popularly known; to be generally received. | To have growth or development. | To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. | To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company. | To encounter or suffer (a particular, usually bad, fate or misfortune). | To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole. | To speedrun. | To eject from a game or match. | To press (a bank, etc.) with immediate demands for payment.

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