MACHINE

In patent law. Any con- trivance used to regulate or augment force or motion; more properly, a complex struct- ure, consisting of a combination, or peculiar modification, of the mechanical powers. The term "machine," in patent law, includes every mechanical device, or combination of me chanical powers and devices, to perform some func- tion and produce a certain effect or result. But where the result or effect is produced by chemical action, by the operation or application of some ele- ment or power of nature, or of one substance to another, such modes, methods, or operations are called "processes. ກ A new process is usually the result of discovery; a machine, of invention. 15 How. 252, 267.

In patent law. . Any contrivance used to regulate or augment force or motion; more properly, a complex structure, consisting of a combination, or peculiar modification, of the mechanical powers. The term “machine,” in patent law, includes every mechanical device, or combination of mechanical powers and devices, to perform some function and produce a certain effect or result. But where the result or effect is produced by chemical action, by the operation or application of some element or power of nature, ar of one substance to another, such modes, methods, or operations are called “processes.” A new process is usually the result of discovery; a machine, of invention. Corning v. Burden. 15 How. 252, 267, 14 L. Ed. 683. And see Pittsburgh Reduction Co. v. Cowles Electric Co. (C. C.) 55 Fed. 316; Westinghouse v. Boyden Powe Brake Co.. 170 U. 8. 537, 18 Sup. Ct. 707, 4 L. Ed. 1136; Burr v. Duryee, 1 Wall. 570, 17 L. Ed. 650; Stearns v. Russel], 85 Fed. 225, 29 C. C. A. 1213; Wintermute yv. Redington, 230 Fed. Cas. 370. —Perfect machine. In patent law. A perfected invention; not a perfectly constructed machine, but a machine so constructed as to embody all the essential elements of the invention, in a form that would make them practical and operative so as to accomplish the result. But it is not necessary that it should accomplish that result in the most perfect manner, and be in a condition where it was not susceptible of a higher degree of perfection in its mere mechan: ical construction. American Hide, etc., Co. v. American Tool, ete., Co., 4 Fish. Pat. Cas. 299, 1 Fed. Cas, 647.

In the law of patents, includes every mechanical device, or combination of mechanical powers and devices, to perform some function and produce a certain effect or result.4 A concrete thing, consisting of parts or of certain devices and combination of devices. The principle of a machine is "its mode of operation," or that peculiar combination of devices which distinguishes it from other machines. A mere principle or idea cannot constitute a machine.5 Patentable inventions pertaining to machines are: 1. Entire machines; as, a car for a railroad, a sewing-machine. 2. Separate devices of a machine; as, the coulter of a plow, the driver of a reaping-machine. 3. New devices of a machine in combination with old elements, all embraced in one claim, or with separate claims for what is new, together with a claim for the new combination of all the elements. 4. Devices or elements of a machine in combination, all being old. All that the law requires of an inventor of a machine is that he shall describe the manner of constructing 1 Exp. Wall. 107 U. S. 275 (1882), Bradley, J. Wall, an attorney-at-law, was disbarred by the Circuit Court for the Southern District of Florida for advising in a case of lynching, and sought reinstatement by a mandamus from the Supreme Court. • United States v. Hardyman, 13 Pet. 178 (1839). F. machine: Gk. mechanē', a device. 4 Corning v. Burden, 15 How. 267 (1853), Grier, J. Burr v. Duryee, 1 Wall. 570 (1863), Grier, J. • Sanford v. Merrimac Hat Co., 4 Cliff. 405 (1876), Clifford, J. And see Georgia Pacific R. Co. v. Brooks, Sup. Ct. Ala. (1888); also Union Sugar Refinery v. Matthiessen, 2 Fish. P. C. 605 (1865). and using it in such full, clear, and exact terms as will enable any one skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the machine; and that he shall explain the principle thereof, and the best mode in which he contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions. Under these provisions, it has been held that a patentee is not generally limited to the literal import of his description of his invention, but that, in construction, he may make such modifications of it as do not involve a departure from its principle or a material change in its mode of operation. See EQUIVALENT, 2; MODE, Of operation; PATENT, 2; PROCESS, 2. Machinery. Means somewhat more than machine. Includes whatever is necessary to the working of a machine; as, dies used in manufacturing tinware, the saw in a sawmill, the pipes of a gas company.2 When cars, though used at times, and at other times detached, are formed into a train, to which propelling force is imparted by means of a locomotive, the entire train constitutes machinery connected with or used in the particular business. In determining whether machinery becomes a fixture, regard must be had to the object, and to the effect and mode, of annexation.4 See FIXTURE. An employee who knows that machinery which he is operating is so defective as to be dangerous, protests against further use of it, receives no assurance that the defect will be remedied, but continues to use it, voluntarily assumes the incidental risks. See NEGLI-

In general, any combination of bodies so connected that their relative motions are constrained, and by means of which force and motion may be transmitted and modified, as a screw and its nut, or a lever arranged to turn about a fulcrum or a pulley about its pivot, etc.; especially, a construction, more or less complex, consisting of a combination of moving parts, or simple mechanical elements, as wheels, levers, cams, etc., with their supports and connecting framework, calculated to constitute a prime mover, or to receive force and motion from a prime mover or from another machine, and transmit, modify, and apply them to the production of some desired mechanical effect or work, as weaving by a loom, or the excitation of electricity by an electrical machine. Any mechanical contrivance, as the wooden horse with which the Greeks entered Troy; a coach; a bicycle. Dryden. Southey. Thackeray. A person who acts mechanically or at will of another. A combination of persons acting together for a common purpose, with the agencies which they use; as, the social machine. The whole machine of government ought not to bear upon the people with a weight so heavy and oppressive. Landor. A political organization arranged and controlled by one or more leaders for selfish, private or partisan ends. [Political Cant] Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced to perform some exploit. Addison. Elementary machine, a name sometimes given to one of the simple mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Infernal machine. See under Infernal. -- Machine gun.See under Gun. -- Machine screw, a screw or bolt adapted for screwing into metal, in distinction from one which is designed especially to be screwed into wood. -- Machine shop, a workshop where machines are made, or where metal is shaped by cutting, filing, turning, etc. -- Machine tool, a machine for cutting or shaping wood, metal, etc., by means of a tool; especially, a machine, as a lathe, planer, drilling machine, etc., designed for a more or less general use in a machine shop, in distinction from a machine for producing a special article as in manufacturing. -- Machine twist, silken thread especially adapted for use in a sewing machine. -- Machine work, work done by a machine, in contradistinction to that done by hand labor.

To subject to the action of machinery; to effect by aid of machinery; to print with a printing machine.

A device that directs and controls energy, often in the form of movement or electricity, to produce a certain effect. | A vehicle operated mechanically, such as an automobile or an airplane. | An answering machine or, by extension, voice mail. | A computer. | A person or organisation that seemingly acts like a machine, being particularly efficient, single-minded, or unemotional. | Especially, the group that controls a political or similar organization; a combination of persons acting together for a common purpose, with the agencies which they use. | Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced to perform some exploit. | The system of special interest groups that supports a political party, especially in urban areas. | Penis. | A contrivance in the Ancient Greek theatre for indicating a change of scene, by means of which a god might cross the stage or deliver a divine message; the deus ex machina. | A bathing machine.

To make by machinery. | To shape or finish by machinery; (usually, more specifically) to shape subtractively by metal-cutting with machine-controlled toolpaths.