LOW

8 definitions found across Law Mind sources

LOWAuthored
The Law Mind • 661 words
Definition
"Low" as a standalone legal term has no independent substantive definition in American law. As a dictionary entry, it functions as a cross-reference and qualifier. Bouvier's Law Dictionary directs readers simply to "HIGH" — indicating that "low" in legal usage derives its meaning from contrast with its antonym. The term appears in legal vocabulary almost exclusively as a modifier: low bail, low-income, low water mark, low tide. Standing alone, it carries no legal significance. The Burrill entry reproduced under this heading appears to be a misfile or cross-reference artifact — the text describes bail below (bail to the sheriff), not the adjective "low" as a legal term.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): "To lower; to make low." Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): Listed as a strong past tense of "laugh" (Chaucerian English), and separately as an adjective meaning not high in position, degree, or intensity. The common meaning of "low" as an adjective (not elevated, reduced, modest) does carry into legal compounds — low-income, low water mark — but "low" alone is not a legal term of art. Researchers encountering "low" in historical legal documents should look to the compound phrase, not the isolated word.
Why It Matters in Research
The practical value of this entry is navigational. Researchers who encounter "low" in historical legal sources — particularly in equity and common law pleading — are almost always looking at a compound or contextual phrase: bail below, low water mark, low tide line, or low-income status under a regulatory scheme. Three areas warrant particular attention: First, bail below (bail to the sheriff) was historically distinguished from bail above (bail to the court, or special bail). This distinction appears throughout 18th and 19th century English and American practice materials. Burrill's text under "LOW" is almost certainly a fragment of the BAIL BELOW entry, misfiled or truncated. Researchers working in historical civil procedure materials should search BAIL BELOW and BAIL ABOVE as independent entries. Second, the low water mark is a boundary concept with significant consequences in property, admiralty, and environmental law. It defines the seaward boundary of private littoral ownership in many jurisdictions and the landward boundary of public tidal waters. This is not defined under "low" in the historical dictionaries — researchers must search LOW WATER MARK. Third, low-income is a statutory and regulatory qualifier that has become increasingly important in tax, housing, and family law. Its meaning is defined by statute and administrative regulation (such as area median income thresholds under federal housing programs), not by common law. That definition shifts by program, year, and geography. Bouvier's direction to see HIGH is useful: many legal concepts defined at the HIGH entry have "low" counterparts that are defined only by inversion. Researchers should follow Bouvier's cross-reference.
Historical Dictionary Support
Bouvier's treatment is minimal — a bare cross-reference to HIGH. This is consistent with Bouvier's general practice of consolidating antonym pairs under the primary or more legally developed term. Burrill's entry under LOW appears to be a textual error or production artifact. The content describes bail below — a well-developed common law procedural concept — and has no meaningful connection to the adjective "low." Researchers should not treat Burrill's LOW entry as a definition of the word; it is more useful as a fragment pointing toward BAIL BELOW. Neither dictionary treats "low" as a substantive legal term. This is appropriate: the word functions in legal discourse as a modifier, not as a term of art.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
The Law Mind Family Law Encyclopedia: Child Support — High-Income and Low-Income Parents (family_94) The Law Mind Real Estate Transactions & Construction Encyclopedia: Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) — 9% and 4% Credits, Compliance, and Investor Structure (realestate_82)
Related Terms
HIGH — Bail Below — Bail Above — Low Water Mark — Low Tide Line — Littoral Rights — Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) — Area Median Income (AMI) — Bail Bond — Mesne Process
LOWmain
Burrill's Law Dictionary • 1867
In practice. Persons who undertake that a defendant, arrested upon mesne process in a civil action, shall duly appear to answer the plaintiff; such undertaking being in the form of a bond given to the sheriff, termed a bail bond, (q. v.) 3 Bl. Com. 290. 1 Tidd's Pr. 221. This kind of bail is called bail to the sheriff, because given to that officer, and for his security; and bail below, because subordinate or preliminary to bail to the action or special bail, which is termed bail above. Id. ibid. See infra. BAIL TO THE ACTION, BAIL ABOVE, or SPECIAL BAIL. In practice. Persons who undertake jointly and severally in behalf of a defendant arrested on mesne process in a civil action, that if he be condemned in the action, he shall pay the costs and condemnation, (that is, the amount which may be recovered against him,) or render himself a prisoner, or that they will pay it for him. 3 Bl. Com. 291. 1 Tidd's Pr. 245. This undertaking of the bail is termed their recognizance, and is effected by executing and acknowledging what is called a bail-piece. Id. ibid. See Bail-piece.
LOWcrossref
Bouvier's Law Dictionary • 1928
See HIGH.
LOWn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
, strong imp. of Laugh. Chaucer.
LOWv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To make the calling sound of cows and other bovine animals; to moo. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.
LOWn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The calling sound ordinarily made by cows and other bovine animals. Talking voices and the law of herds. Wordsworth.
lowverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
To lower; to make low.
lowadj
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
Situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty. | Situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty. | Pertaining to (or, especially of a language: spoken in) in an area which is at a lesser elevation, closer to sea level (especially near the sea), than other regions. | Situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty. | Below the batter's knees. | Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured. | Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured. | Low-cut. | Not high in status, esteem, or rank, dignity, or quality. (Compare vulgar.) | Humble, meek, not haughty. | Disparaging; assigning little value or excellence. | Being a nadir, a bottom. | Depressed in mood, dejected, sad. | Lacking health or vitality, strength or vivacity; feeble; weak. | Lacking health or vitality, strength or vivacity; feeble; weak. | Having few hit points remaining; damaged. | Dead. (Compare lay low.) | Small, not high (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc). | Small, not high (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc). | Having a small or comparatively smaller concentration of (a substance, which is often but not always linked by "in" when predicative). | Small, not high (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc). | Depleted, or nearing deletion; lacking in supply. | Simple in complexity or development. | Favoring simplicity (see e.g. low church, Low Tory). | Being near the equator. | Grave in pitch, due to being produced by relatively slow vibrations (wave oscillations); flat. | Quiet; soft; not loud. | Made with a relatively large opening between the tongue and the palate; made with (part of) the tongue positioned low in the mouth, relative to the palate. | Lesser in value than other cards, denominations, suits, etc. | Not rich or seasoned; offering the minimum of nutritional requirements; plain, simple. | Designed for a slow (or the slowest) speed.

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