LION

6 definitions found across Law Mind sources

LIONAuthored
The Law Mind • 703 words
Definition
In Old English chancery practice, a lion was a writ issued against a party who failed to appear after service of a subpoena or attachment. If the defaulting party did not surrender himself by the assigned day, he was formally declared a rebel against the court's authority. The writ was a coercive mechanism of equity jurisdiction, escalating pressure on a non-compliant party through the threat of being reputed in contempt and outlawed.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): The large carnivorous feline mammal of the genus Panthera; also the constellation and zodiacal sign Leo. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and most parts of Africa, with adult males distinguished by a thick mane of long shaggy hair. The legal term carries no relation to the animal. The name likely derives from the heraldic and symbolic associations of the lion with royal authority and sovereign power — the writ was issued in the name of the Crown's equity jurisdiction. A researcher encountering "lion" in Old English chancery records should not treat it as a figurative or colloquial usage; it is a technical writ designation.
Common Confusion
The lion writ is closely associated with the broader sequence of coercive process in Chancery — subpoena, attachment, attachment with proclamations, commission of rebellion, and sergeants at mace — and may be confused with related writs or simply overlooked as a stage in that sequence. It is distinct from a commission of rebellion, which formally named the defaulting party a rebel; the lion writ was a precursor step triggering that declaration if surrender was not made by the return day.
Why It Matters in Research
This term is a trap for researchers working in early modern English equity records. "Lion" as a writ designation does not appear in most modern legal dictionaries, and keyword searches on the term will return noise unless the researcher is working within Old English chancery materials specifically. The writ belongs to a procedural chain; understanding where it falls in that chain is essential to reading Chancery process records accurately. The term effectively disappears from legal usage after the reforms of English equity procedure in the nineteenth century. Researchers working in post-reform materials will not encounter it in active use. Its presence in a document is therefore a useful dating indicator — it signals pre-reform chancery practice. Because the writ was part of the coercive process against absent defendants, records involving a lion writ may appear alongside bills of complaint, subpoenas, and orders of the court — not as standalone instruments. Researchers should look for it embedded in procedural sequences rather than as a primary document type.
Historical Dictionary Support
Bouvier's is the only source in the Law Mind corpus to record this term, and its entry is brief: the writ issued upon failure to appear after subpoena or attachment, and non-surrender by the assigned day resulted in the party being reputed and declared a rebel. Bouvier does not explain the origin of the name, the precise form of the writ, or its relationship to other stages of Chancery process. No other standard historical legal dictionary in wide circulation — not Jacob's Law Dictionary, not Tomlin's Law Dictionary — gives this term substantial treatment. That silence is itself informative: the writ was sufficiently obscure or archaic by the nineteenth century that lexicographers gave it little attention. Researchers relying solely on sources later than Bouvier may miss it entirely.
Jurisdictional Note
This writ is specific to Old English equity practice in the Court of Chancery. It has no recognized counterpart in American legal practice, which did not transplant the full coercive process sequence of English Chancery. Researchers working in American courts will not encounter this term in operative legal documents.
Related Terms
Subpoena — the initial process whose non-compliance triggered the escalating writ sequence Attachment (Chancery) — the intermediate coercive step preceding the lion writ Commission of Rebellion — the formal declaration following failure to comply with the lion writ Contempt (Chancery) — the underlying legal concept animating the entire sequence Outlawry — the broader common law analog to being declared a rebel in equity
LIONmain
Bouvier's Law Dictionary • 1928
In Old English Practice. When a party neglected to appear upon a subpæna, or an attachment in chancery, a writ bearing this name issued; and, if he did not surrender himself by the day as- signed, he was reputed and declared a rebel.
LIONn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail. The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker, and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called the maneless lion, the male has only a slight mane. A sign and a constellation; Leo. An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time. Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man. Prof. Wilson. American lion (Zoöl.), the puma or cougar. -- Lion ant (Zoöl.), the ant-lion. -- Lion dog (Zoöl.), a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually clipped to resemble a lion's mane. -- Lion lizard (Zoöl.), the basilisk. -- Lion's share, all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; -- from Æsop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey.
Lionname
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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The constellation and zodiacal sign Leo.
Lionnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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A player for National Football League's Detroit Lions. | A player for Canadian Football League's B.C. Lions. | A player for the England football team. | A player or supporter of the Brisbane Lions.
lionnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
A big cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa, India and formerly much of Europe. | A big cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa, India and formerly much of Europe. | A male lion, as opposed to a lioness, which is characterized by having a flowing shaggy mane and taking little part in hunting, which can be done cooperatively. | Any of various extant and extinct big cats, especially the mountain lion. | A Chinese foo dog. | A person who shows attributes associated with the lion, such as strength, courage, or ferocity. | A famous person regarded with interest and curiosity. | A light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion. | An old Scottish coin, with a lion on the obverse, worth 74 shillings.

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