Statistical tables ex- hibiting the probable proportion of persons who will live to reach different ages. Cent. Dict. Such tables are used for many purposes, such as the computation of the present value of annuities, dower rights, etc., and for the computation of damages resulting from injuries which destroy the earning capacity of a person, or those resulting from the death of a person to those who are dependent upon him. The principal mortality tables in ordi- nary use are: (1) The Carlisle Table, which takes its name from the city of Carlisle and the cal- culations for which were made by Joshua Milne in 1815. (2) The Northampton Table, based on statistics of that town, in Eng- land. This shows a higher rate of mortal- ity than any other, and it has been said that it more nearly shows the mortality of the negro race in the United States than any other life table; G. & McC. Tables 187, n. 1. (3) The Farr Tables, prepared by Dr. Wm. Farr, of the English registrar general's office, from the census returns of England and Wales. A synopsis of the re- sults of these tables may be found in 2 Ins. Сус. 516-36. (4) Combined Experience, or actuaries' seventeen office experience tables of mortality, prepared by a committee from 62,537 risks, and published in 1843 by Jen- kins Jones. This has been characterized as very accurate; Willey, Life Ins., 4th ed. 35, 73. As the calculations of this table are made upon actual life insurance risks its accuracy would have relation rather to that subject than to dower and annuities, and purposes involving merely the average ex- pectation of sound life. (5) The Ameri- can Experience tables of mortality by Sheppard Homans, an insurance actuary. This is a legal standard in several states for valuations of life insurance policies, having been adopted in New York in 1868. (6) The Thirty Offices Experience table of mortality published in 1878: "Not yet ac- cepted as a standard table"; G. & McC. Tables 190. Courts can take judicial notice of the Carlisle Tables, and can use them in esti- mating the probable length of life, whether they were introduced in evidence or not; 151 U. S. 436. Standard life and annuity tables showing probable duration of life and present value of a life annuity are com- petent evidence; 91 Ga. 87; or as bearing on the question of compensation for per- manent injury, or in case of death to show the deceased's expectation of life at the time of accident: 82 Minn. 125; 66 N. Y. 50; 62 Ia. 487. The Carlisle tables have been admitted; 76 id. 810; 74 Ga. 737; and also Johnson's Encyclopedia, to show these tables; 78 Ia. 509. The fact that the de- ceased was in poor health only affects the weight to be given them; 29 S. W. Rep. (Tex.) 955; they ought not absolutely to control the jury; 118 U. 8. 545, citing ap provingly judicial utterances strongly de- precating the use of them by a jury, from 19 L. J. Q. B. 237. In a recent case it was said that they are admissible in actions for personal injuries, but the court should in- struct the jury that their value in a par- ticular case depends very much on the plaintiff's state of health, habits, and social condition; 172 Pa. 205. See Giauque & McClure, Present Value Tables, which also contains Bowditch's Table and Chisholm's Commutation Tables; Jones, Value of Annuities and Reversion- ary Payments; Lawton & Griffiths, Life Tables. LIGAN, LAGAN. Goods cast into the sea tied to a buoy, so that they may be found again by the owners. When goods are cast into the sea in storms or shipwrecks, and remain there, without coming to land, they are distinguished by the barbarous names of jetsam, flotsam, and ligan. 5 Co. 108; Hargr. St. Tr. 48; 1 Bla. Com. 292. See 38 Fed. Rep. 509.