HIGH

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

HIGHAuthored
The Law Mind • 1051 words
Definition
"High" is not a standalone legal term but a qualifying adjective that appears throughout legal language in compound phrases and institutional names. Its legal meaning shifts depending on context, and Black's 2nd Edition correctly identifies the principal functions: 1. DIGNITY OR FORMALITY. In some compounds, "high" adds no comparative meaning — it simply signals formality, solemnity, or institutional importance. "High Court," "High Commission," and "High Admiral" use "high" as a marker of elevated status, not as a comparison to something lower. 2. PHYSICAL ELEVATION OR SCOPE. In other compounds, "high" signals spatial or geographic breadth. "High seas" denotes waters beyond the jurisdiction of any nation — open, common, and public. "Highway" historically meant a road open to public travel, not merely a road that was physically elevated above its surroundings. 3. RELATIVE COMPARISON. Bouvier notes the genuinely relational character of the term: "high" and "low" are comparative, deriving meaning from context. A structure is high or low according to its purpose and surroundings. In regulatory and statutory contexts — such as high-cost mortgage definitions or high-income child support calculations — "high" triggers specific numerical thresholds that the governing statute or regulation supplies. 4. INTENSITY OR DEGREE (negative sense). Burrill observes that "high" can also mean elevated in a pejorative direction, as in "high-handed" conduct or "high treason." Here the elevation denotes severity or aggravated character, not dignity or geography.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): Physically elevated, extending far above a base or average level; relatively raised above normal; tall or lofty. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): The entry is unhelpfully sparse for this sense — Webster's 1913 redirects the headword to the obsolete verb "to hie" (to hasten), which is a different word entirely and irrelevant to the adjective. The gap between common and legal meaning is structural rather than definitional. Common usage treats "high" as a simple spatial or intensity adjective. Legal usage converts it into a term of art when embedded in compound phrases: "high seas," "highway," and "high treason" do not simply mean seas that are elevated, roads that rise, or treason that is intense — each compound carries a fixed legal meaning that cannot be reconstructed from the adjective's ordinary sense.
Common Confusion
Two risks arise. First, researchers may treat "high" compounds as transparent when they are not. "High seas" does not mean deep water or far-offshore water in any colloquial sense; it means waters beyond national jurisdiction, a definition with precise legal consequences under international law. Second, historical sources sometimes use "high" interchangeably with terms like "chief," "great," or "principal" (the Latin magnus, as Burrill notes), which creates ambiguity when reading older statutes or court records. "High constable" and "chief constable," for example, are not always synonymous across periods and jurisdictions.
Why It Matters in Research
The term's importance in the Law Mind corpus is almost entirely derivative — it matters because of the compounds it generates, not as a standalone entry. Researchers should index "high" as a signal to look up the full compound phrase rather than the adjective alone. Several specific research traps exist: HISTORICAL OFFICER TITLES. Older English and early American records use "high" to designate offices that have since been abolished, reorganized, or renamed. "High sheriff," "high constable," and "high bailiff" appear in colonial and early republic records with specific jurisdictional meanings that differ from their modern counterparts where those offices survive at all. Anderson's case references (Virginia, Tennessee, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey) cluster around the period when these titles were still active in American practice. THRESHOLD TRIGGERS IN MODERN STATUTES. In contemporary regulatory law, "high" is often a defined term triggering statutory consequences. "High-cost mortgage" under federal consumer protection law, "high-income" in child support guidelines, and "high seas" under UNCLOS each have numeric or geographic definitions supplied by the governing authority. A researcher who reads "high" as an ordinary adjective will miss that a threshold has been crossed. JURISDICTIONAL DRIFT IN "HIGH COURT." In English legal history, "High Court" refers specifically to the High Court of Justice, a defined component of the Supreme Court of Judicature. In American usage, "high court" is informal shorthand for any supreme appellate court and carries no fixed institutional meaning. This distinction matters when reading comparative sources or tracing influence of English precedent.
Historical Dictionary Support
The four source dictionaries converge on the same basic framework — "high" as dignity, elevation, or public/open character — but with different emphases. Burrill is the most analytically useful, breaking the term into three functional registers: open/public (high sea, highway), elevated in rank (high court, high admiral), and elevated in a bad sense (high treason, high-handed). Black's 2nd Edition confirms Burrill's framework and adds the important caveat that in some compounds "high" is merely decorative, importing no comparison at all. Bouvier's contribution is the most philosophically direct — acknowledging the term's irreducibly relational character — but Bouvier's entry is brief and offers little navigational guidance for researchers. Anderson's entry is the least analytically organized but most useful for historical office research, as it cross-references case law on specific "high" officer titles across several states in the post-Civil War period. None of the historical dictionaries adequately addresses the modern statutory use of "high" as a defined threshold term. This is an expected gap — the regulatory compounds where "high" now does the most legal work (high-cost lending, high-income support) postdate all four sources.
Jurisdictional Note
"High court" means different things in English and American legal traditions and should not be treated as equivalent across jurisdictions. In federal admiralty and international law, "high seas" carries the meaning established by treaty (UNCLOS) and federal statute, which may diverge from older common law definitions of the term appearing in pre-twentieth-century cases.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
The Law of the Sea — UNCLOS, Territorial Waters, EEZ, and High Seas Jurisdiction (The Law Mind Military, Veterans & Admiralty Law Encyclopedia) Consumer Protection — Predatory Lending and High-Cost Mortgage Regulation (The Law Mind Contracts & Commercial Law Encyclopedia) Child Support — High-Income and Low-Income Parents (The Law Mind Family Law Encyclopedia)
Related Terms
High seas; highway; high treason; high court; high-cost mortgage; high constable; high sheriff; high admiral; elevated; supreme; chief; altus (Latin); haut (Law French); dignity; threshold (statutory)
HIGHmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
Elevated above another; superior; supreme. In some connections, the use is pleonastic. 1 Cornett v. Rhudy, 80 Va. 712-14 (1885), cases. 2 See State ex rel. Smiley v. Glenn, 7 Heisk. 485, 475, 480 (1872). 3 Wetmore v. Parker, 52 N. Y. 464 (1873). • Andrews v. Thayer, 40 Conn. 157 (1873); 13 N. Y. 427, 458; 1 N. J. L. 272. A. S. heregeatu, military apparel. 2 Bl. Com. 97. 72 Bl. Com, 421-25. • See Lieber, Leg. & Pol. Herm. i 7. Belonging to, or for use by, the public at large: as, in highway. See WAY. Highest. 1. Superior to any other: as, the highest bid, q. v. 2. The most scrupulous: as, the highest good faith, q. v.
HIGHmain
Burrill's Law Dictionary • 1870
[Lat. altus, alta, altum; L. Fr. hault, halt.] Open; common; public; as the high sea, a high way, (qq. v.) Elevated in station, dignity or importance; as a high court. Head, or chief; (Lat. magnus;) as high admiral; high constable, high sheriff. Elevated or prominent in a bad sense;
HIGHmain
Bouvier's Law Dictionary • 1928
"High" and low are relative terms. A thing is said to be too high or too low when compared to other things. A struc- ture is said to be high or low according to the uses to which it is to be put. 65 S. W. 454.
HIGHv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To hie. [Obs.] Men must high them apace, and make haste. Holland.
HIGHa.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as - Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; preëminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty of the soul." Baxter. Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles. He was a wight of high renown. Shak. Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family. Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." Thackeray. Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. Ps. lxxxix. 13. Can heavenly minds such high resentment show Dryden. Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble. Both meet to hear and answer such high things. Shak. Plain living and high thinking are no more. Wordsworth. Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price. If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper. South. Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad sense. An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin. Prov. xxi. 4. His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot. Clarendon. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. e., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite) noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete) pleasure; high (i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc. High time it is this war now ended were. Spenser. High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies. Baker. Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high. Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note. Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as e (eve), oo (food). See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11. High admiral, the chief admiral. -- High altar, the principal altar in a church. -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. -- High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff. -- High Church, and Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high- churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. -- High constable (Law), a chief of constabulary. See Constable, n., 2. -- High commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641. -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix. 31. -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with full ceremonial. -- High German, or High Dutch. See under German. -- High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport. [Colloq.] "All the high jinks of the county, when the lad comes of age." F. Harrison. -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. -- High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich. -- High liver, one who indulges in a rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon rich, pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass. -- High milling, a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding. -- High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place (Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. -- High priest. See in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See Alto-rilievo. -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. Wharton. -- High steam, steam having a high pressure. -- High steward, the chief steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. -- High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason.
HIGHadv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully. "And reasoned high." Milton. "I can not reach so high." Shak.
highadj
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level: | Very elevated; extending or being far above a base; tall; lofty. | Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level: | Relatively elevated; rising or raised above the average or normal level from which elevation is measured. | Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level: | Above the batter's shoulders. | Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level: | Pertaining to (or, especially of a language: spoken in) in an area which is at a greater elevation, for example more mountainous, than other regions. | Having a specified elevation or height; tall. | Elevated in status, esteem, or prestige, or in importance or development; exalted in rank, station, or character. | Elevated in status, esteem, or prestige, or in importance or development; exalted in rank, station, or character. | Most exalted; foremost. | Elevated in status, esteem, or prestige, or in importance or development; exalted in rank, station, or character. | Of great importance and consequence: grave (if negative) or solemn (if positive). | Elevated in status, esteem, or prestige, or in importance or development; exalted in rank, station, or character. | Consummate; advanced (e.g. in development) to the utmost extent or culmination, or possessing a quality in its supreme degree, at its zenith. | Elevated in status, esteem, or prestige, or in importance or development; exalted in rank, station, or character. | Advanced in complexity (and hence potentially abstract and/or difficult to comprehend). | Extreme, excessive; now specifically very traditionalist and conservative. | Elevated in mood; marked by great merriment, excitement, etc. | Luxurious; rich. | Lofty, often to the point of arrogant, haughty, boastful, proud. | Keen, enthused. | With tall waves. | Remote (to the north or south) from the equator; situated at (or constituting) a latitude which is expressed by a large number. | Large, great (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc). | Large, great (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc). | Having a large or comparatively larger concentration of (a substance, which is often but not always linked by "in" when predicative). | Acute or shrill in pitch, due to being of greater frequency, i.e. produced by more rapid vibrations (wave oscillations). | Made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate. | Greater in value than other cards, denominations, suits, etc. | Having the highest rank in a straight, flush or straight flush. | Greater in value than other cards, denominations, suits, etc. | Winning; able to take a trick, win a round, etc. | Strong-scented; slightly tainted/spoiled; beginning to decompose. | Intoxicated; under the influence of a mood-altering drug, formerly usually alcohol, but now (from the mid-20th century) usually not alcohol but rather marijuana, cocaine, heroin, etc. | Near, in its direction of travel, to the (direction of the) wind. | Positioned up the field, towards the opposing team's goal.
highadv
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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In or to an elevated position. | In or at a great value. | At a pitch of great frequency.
highverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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To rise.

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