GRAIN

In Troy weight, the twenty- fourth part of a penny weight. Any kind of corn sown in the ground.

the calendar. On circuit, at the opening of the commission, scarlet robes are worn by both judges, should two be present. After the commission is opened, the judge who sits in the crown court and tries prisoners continues to wear scarlet until all the prisoners are dealt with. He is hence termed by criminals 'the red-gown judge.' The judge who tries nisi prius cases removes his scarlet, puts on black, and is called 'the black-gown judge.' The scarlet robes worn in winter in town, and on circuit, whether in summer or winter, are trimmed with ermine, but in town in summer these robes are trimmed with gray silk. When on circuit, the senior or 'red-gown judge' sits in the crown court at the first town in the circuit, while the junior judge takes nisi prius cases, but at the next place 'the red gown judge' becomes 'the black-gown judge,' and so they alternate throughout the circuit. On ordinary days the judges sitting in banc wear dark blue or purple robes, which in winter are trimmed with ermine, and in summer with bronze silk." See CROP. Includes or may include: flax-seed, millet and sugar-cane seed, oats, 10 peas.11 1 See Byles, Bills, 205; Chitty, Bills, 11 ed. (1878); Pierce v. Indseth, 106 U. S. 550 (1882). 2 See Story, Prom. Notes, §§ 216, 247. 3 Smith v. Washington City, 20 How. 148 (1857). 4 People v. Rawson, 61 Barb. 631 (1872). * Rutherford v. United States, 18 Ct. Cl. 343 (1883); McClure v. United States, ib. 347 (1883). • Leopold v. United States, 18 Ct. Cl. 546, 557 (1883), Schofield, J. 7 See La. Civ. Code, art. 3271; 9 Mass. *36. 8 Hewitt v. Watertown Ins. Co., 55 Iowa, 324 (1880). • Holland v. State, 34 Ga. 457 (1866). 10 Smith v. Clayton, 29 N. J. L. 361 (1862). 11 State v. Williams, 2 Strob. L. 477 (S. C., 1848). See Park, Ins. 112; 1 Marsh. Ins. 223, n.

[Lat. granum.] The twentyfourth (anciently the thirty-second) part of a pennyweight, or weight of an English penny. By the statute Compositio Mensurarum, 51 Hen. III., it was ordained that the penny sterling should weigh thirty-two grains of corn from the middle of the ear; (ponderabit triginta et duo grana frumenti in medio spica.) These natural grains were afterwards reduced to twenty-four artificial grains. Cowell. Spelman, voc. Denarius. Stow's Ann. cited ibid.

See Groan. [Obs.]

A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used collectively. Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc. I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple. All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton. Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain. Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain. Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc. Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff. A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a., 4. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.] Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.] He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer. Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect. -- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth (Zoöl.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineidæ (as Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larvæ devour grain in storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain weevil (Zoöl.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert.-- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye. The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in grain. Spenser. -- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.

To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).

The harvested seeds of various grass food crops eg: wheat, corn, barley. | Similar seeds from any food crop, e.g., buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa. | A single seed of grass food crops. | The crops from which grain is harvested. | A linear texture of a material or surface. | A single particle of a substance. | Any of various small units of mass originally notionally based on grain's weight, variously standardized at different places and times, including | The English grain of ¹⁄₅₇₆₀ troy pound or ¹⁄₇₀₀₀ pound avoirdupois, now exactly 64.79891 mg. | Any of various small units of mass originally notionally based on grain's weight, variously standardized at different places and times, including | The metric, carat, or pearl grain of ¹⁄₄ carat used for measuring precious stones and pearls, now exactly 50 mg. | Any of various small units of mass originally notionally based on grain's weight, variously standardized at different places and times, including | The French grain of ¹⁄₉₂₁₆ livre, equivalent to 53.11 mg at metricization and equal to exactly 54.25 mg from 1812–1839 as part of the mesures usuelles. | Any of various small units of length originally notionally based on a grain's width, variously standardized at different places and times. | The carat grain of ¹⁄₄ carat as a measure of gold purity, creating a 96-point scale between 0% and 100% purity. | A region within a material having a single crystal structure or direction. | The solid piece of fuel in an individual solid-fuel rocket engine. | A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple. | The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. | The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. | A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. | Temper; natural disposition; inclination. | Visual texture in processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant; an offshoot. | A tine, prong, or fork. | One of the branches of a valley or river. | A tine, prong, or fork. | An iron fish spear or harpoon, with a number of points half-barbed inwardly. | A tine, prong, or fork. | A blade of a sword, knife, etc. | A tine, prong, or fork. | An arm of a cross. | A thin piece of metal, used in a mould to steady a core. | A branch or arm of a stream, inlet, or sea. | A fork in a river valley or ravine. | The branch of a family; clan. | The groin; crotch. | The fangs of a tooth.

A village in Isle of Grain parish, Isle of Grain, Medway borough, Kent, England (OS grid ref TQ8876). | A surname.