FALL

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

FALLAuthored
The Law Mind • 1045 words
Definition
"Fall" carries distinct legal meanings depending on context. The term is not a term of art in most modern American legal writing, but it operates with technical precision in several specific doctrinal and historical settings. 1. In Scots law (historical): To lose or forfeit. To "fall from a right" means to be divested of it, typically through failure of a condition, lapse of time, or legal incapacity. This usage is archaic in American and English practice but appears throughout historical equity sources. 2. In property law: A life estate is said to "fall into" the fee when the life tenant dies and the possessory interest merges with the fee simple held by the remainderman or reversioner. The phrase signals automatic reunion of a divided estate without additional conveyance. 3. As a unit of land measure (historical, Scots): A fall of land equals a quantity six ells square in superficial measure — a unit encountered in old Scots conveyancing records. 4. In tort law (modern): "Fall" in the sense of a physical event — a person descending involuntarily to the ground — is the triggering event in premises liability claims, particularly slip-and-fall and trip-and-fall actions. In this context the word carries no special legal redefinition but acquires legal significance when it occurs on another's property under conditions creating a duty of care.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): To move downward under the effect of gravity; to come to the ground, whether suddenly, gradually, or deliberately. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): To descend either suddenly or gradually, particularly by force of gravity; to cease to be erect; to become prostrate. The gap between common and legal meaning is meaningful in two directions. First, the Scots law usage — to lose or forfeit a right — is invisible in the ordinary English sense of the word and will catch researchers off guard in historical equity sources. Second, in modern tort practice the common physical meaning of "fall" is fully operative, but the legal consequences turn entirely on who fell, where, why, and under what duty — matters the common meaning says nothing about.
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES Fall from a right (Scots law): Forfeiture or loss of a legal right by operation of law or lapse of condition. Fall into (property law): The merger of a lesser estate — typically a life estate — into the fee upon the termination of the lesser interest. Fall of land (Scots conveyancing): A unit of superficial land measure equal to six ells square. Slip and fall / trip and fall (tort law): Premises liability claims arising from a plaintiff's unintended descent to a surface due to a transitory or structural condition on another's property. These are treated as distinct categories in some jurisdictions based on the mechanism (slipping on a substance versus tripping on a physical defect).
Why It Matters in Research
The primary research trap with "fall" is context collapse. A researcher scanning a historical equity or Scots-influenced source for property terms may encounter "fall from a right" and read it as a physical event rather than a forfeiture. Kames's Equity, cited in both Black's editions and Burrill, is the key primary source for the Scots usage; researchers working in early American equity sources influenced by Scots or civil law traditions should be alert to this meaning. In property research, "fall into" is shorthand for a doctrinal event — merger — that has its own body of rules and exceptions. Seeing "the life estate falls into the fee" without recognizing the merger doctrine behind it will cause a researcher to misread the legal effect of the conveyancing transaction. In modern tort research, the word "fall" alone does not unlock the relevant doctrine. The operative search terms are slip and fall, trip and fall, or premises liability, and the legal analysis turns on the classification of the condition (transitory vs. structural), the status of the plaintiff (invitee, licensee, trespasser), and the notice rules applicable in the jurisdiction. The word "fall" as such is a fact descriptor, not a legal category. The "fall term" reference in Rapalje & Lawrence relates to caption-of-indictment formalities in older North Carolina practice — a narrow procedural point with no modern operational significance but potentially relevant to researchers examining 19th-century criminal record authentication.
Historical Dictionary Support
The historical dictionaries are in close agreement on the Scots law meaning: Black's (both editions), Burrill, and Rapalje all trace the definition to 1 Kames, Equity, page 228, and all render it identically as "to lose" or "to lose or forfeit." Burrill adds a cross-reference to "Cadere," the Latin root, connecting the term to the broader civil law tradition of rights lapsing by operation of law. Anderson stands apart from the others in focusing exclusively on the property-merger usage — "fall into" — without any mention of the Scots forfeiture meaning. This reflects Anderson's American common law orientation versus the others' broader historical scope. None of the historical dictionaries address the modern tort meaning, which is unsurprising given that premises liability as a developed doctrinal category emerged well after most of these compilations. Researchers should not read the historical dictionaries' silence on slip-and-fall as authority for any proposition about that doctrine. The unit-of-land-measure definition appears only in Rapalje and is flagged there without extended treatment. It is a genuine historical usage but irrelevant to any modern legal analysis.
Jurisdictional Note
The Scots law and land-measure definitions are historically confined to Scots and occasionally early American equity practice. The property merger doctrine ("fall into") is a concept in common law jurisdictions generally, though the specific rules governing merger vary by state. Slip-and-fall premises liability doctrine varies significantly across American jurisdictions, particularly on the question of what constitutes constructive notice of a transitory condition and whether a mode-of-operation theory applies.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
Premises Liability — Slip and Fall (Transitory Conditions), The Law Mind Torts & Personal Injury Encyclopedia (torts_39)
Related Terms
Forfeiture; Merger (property); Life estate; Remainder; Reversion; Premises liability; Invitee; Licensee; Transitory condition; Notice (constructive); Cadere; Lapse
FALLmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
In Scotch law. To lose. fall from a right is to lose or forfeit it. 1 Kames, Eq. 228. A
FALLmain
Rapalje & Lawrence • 1888
In the Scotch law, to lose or forfeit. FALL OF LAND.-A quantity of land six ells square, superficial measure. FALL TERM, (in caption of indictment). 2 Hawks (N. C.) 461. description; in this latter case, these alleged inaccurate words must be taken to be accurate, if there is any subject-matter to which they exactly fit, upon the maxim Non accipi debent verba in falsam demonstrationem quae competunt in veram limitationem. FALSA DEMONSTRATIO NON NOCET, (applied). 13 Vr. (N. J.) 587; 83 N. C. 123. Falsa demonstratione legatum non perimit (Inst. 2, 20, 30): A false description does not prejudice a legacy. Falsa orthographia, sive falsa grammatica, non vitiat concessionem (9 Co. 48): Bad spelling or bad grammar does not vitiate a grant. Sir John Doderidge says: "Though the lawyers' Latin cannot defend itself in bello grammaticali, will grammarians ulterly condemn the use thereof? Methinks they should not, but might give lawyers leave FALL, THIS, (in an agreement). 3 W. Va. to speak in their own dialect." Noy Max. 445. FALLEN, (in a statute). Cruise Dig. tit. 31, ch. 2, 13. FALLEN BUILDING, (what is not). 51 Cal. 101; 21 Am. Rep. 703. (Bythw. Ed.) 266.
FALLmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
A life estate is sometimes said to "fall into," that is, to merge with, the fee.
FALLv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To Descend, either suddenly or gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of gravity; to drop; to sink; as, the apple falls; the tide falls; the mercury falls in the barometer. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18. To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a recumbent posture; to become prostrate; to drop; as, a child totters and falls; a tree falls; a worshiper falls on his knees. I fell at his feet to worship him. Rev. xix. 10. To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters; to empty; -- with into; as, the river Rhone falls into the Mediterranean. To become prostrate and dead; to die; especially, to die by violence, as in battle. A thousand shall fall at thy side. Ps. xci. 7. He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, fell. Byron. To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to lose strength; to subside; to become less intense; as, the wind falls. To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; -- said of the young of certain animals. Shak. To decline in power, glory, wealth, or importance; to become insignificant; to lose rank or position; to decline in weight, value, price etc.; to become less; as, the falls; stocks fell two points. I am a poor falle man, unworthy now To be thy lord and master. Shak. The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell and vanished. Sir J. Davies. To be overthrown or captured; to be destroyed. Heaven and earth will witness, If Rome must fall, that we are innocent. Addison. To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the faith; to apostatize; to sin. Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Heb. iv. 11. To become insnared or embarrassed; to be entrapped; to be worse off than before; asm to fall into error; to fall into difficulties. To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear dejected; -- said of the countenance. Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. iv. 5. I have observed of late thy looks are fallen. Addison. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint; as, our spirits rise and fall with our fortunes. To pass somewha suddenly, and passively, into a new state of body or mind; to become; as, to fall asleep; to fall into a passion; to fall in love; to fall into temptation. To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to befall; to issue; to terminate. The Romans fell on this model by chance. Swift. Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall. Ruth. iii. 18. They do not make laws, they fall into customs. H. Spencer. To come; to occur; to arrive. The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council fell on the 21st of March, falls now [1694] about ten days sooner. Holder. To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to rush or hurry; as, they fell to blows. They now no longer doubted, but fell to work heart and soul. Jowett (Thucyd. ). To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution, inheritance, or otherwise; as, the estate fell to his brother; the kingdom fell into the hands of his rivals. To belong or appertain. If to her share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and you'll forget them all. Pope. To be dropped or uttered carelessly; as, an unguarded expression fell from his lips; not a murmur fell from him. To fall abroad of (Naut.), to strike against; -- applied to one vessel coming into collision with another. -- To fall among, to come among accidentally or unexpectedly. -- To fall astern (Naut.), to move or be driven backward; to be left behind; as, a ship falls astern by the force of a current, or when outsailed by another. -- To fall away. (a) To lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine. (b) To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel. (c) To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize. "These . . . for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away." Luke viii. 13. To perish; to vanish; to be lost. "How . . . can the soul . . . fall away into nothing" Addison. (e) To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint. "One color falls away by just degrees, and another rises insensibly." Addison. -- To fall back. (a) To recede or retreat; to give way. (b) To fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill. -- To fall back upon. (a) (Mil.) To retreat for safety to (a stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body of troops). (b) To have recourse to (a reserved fund, or some available expedient or support). -- To fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm. -- To fall down. (a) To prostrate one's self in worship. "All kings shall fall down before him." Ps. lxxii. 11. (b) To sink; to come to the ground. "Down fell the beauteous youth." Dryden. (c) To bend or bow, as a suppliant. (d) (Naut.) To sail or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet. -- To fall flat, to produce no response or result; to fail of the intended effect; as, his speech fell flat. -- To fall foul of. (a) (Naut.) To have a collision with; to become entangled with (b) To attack; to make an assault upon. -- To fall from, to recede or depart from; not to adhere to; as, to fall from an agreement or engagement; to fall from allegiance or duty. -- To fall from grace (M. E. Ch.), to sin; to withdraw from the faith. -- To fall home (Ship Carp.), to curve inward; -- said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which are much within a perpendicular. -- To fall in. (a) To sink inwards; as, the roof fell in. (b) (Mil.) To take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, to fall in on the right. (c) To come to an end; to terminate; to lapse; as, on the death of Mr. B., the annuuity, which he had so long received, fell in. (d) To become operative. "The reversion, to which he had been nominated twenty years before, fell in." Macaulay. -- To fall into one's hands, to pass, often suddenly or unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike cannon when they are likely to fall into the hands of the enemy. -- To fall in with. (a) To meet with accidentally; as, to fall in with a friend. (b) (Naut.) To meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land. (c) To concur with; to agree with; as, the measure falls in with popular opinion. (d) To comply; to yield to. "You will find it difficult to persuade learned men to fall in with your projects." Addison. -- To fall off. (a) To drop; as, fruits fall off when ripe. (b) To withdraw; to separate; to become detached; as, friends fall off in adversity. "Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide." Shak. To perish; to die away; as, words fall off by disuse. (d) To apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty. Those captive tribes . . . fell off From God to worship calves. Milton. To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers fell off. (f) To depreciate; to change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less valuable, abundant, or interesting; as, a falling off in the wheat crop; the magazine or the review falls off. "O Hamlet, what a falling off was there!" Shak. (g) (Naut.) To deviate or trend to the leeward of the point to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward. -- To fall on. (a) To meet with; to light upon; as, we have fallen on evil days. (b) To begin suddenly and eagerly. "Fall on, and try the appetite to eat." Dryden. (c) To begin an attack; to assault; to assail. "Fall on, fall on, and hear him not." Dryden. (d) To drop on; to descend on. -- To fall out. (a) To quarrel; to begin to contend. A soul exasperated in ills falls out With everything, its friend, itself. Addison. To happen; to befall; to chance. "There fell out a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the mice." L'Estrange. (c) (Mil.) To leave the ranks, as a soldier. -- To fall over. (a) To revolt; to desert from one side to another. To fall beyond. Shak. -- To fall short, to be deficient; as, the corn falls short; they all fall short in duty. -- To fall through, to come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent has fallen through. -- To fall to, to begin. "Fall to, with eager joy, on homely food." Dryden. -- To fall under. (a) To come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to; as, they fell under the jurisdiction of the emperor. To come under; to become the subject of; as, this point did not fall under the cognizance or deliberations of the court; these things do not fall under human sight or observation. (c) To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be subordinate to in the way of classification; as, these substances fall under a different class or order. -- To fall upon. (a) To attack. [See To fall on.] (b) To attempt; to have recourse to. "I do not intend to fall upon nice disquisitions." Holder. (c) To rush against.
FALLv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To let fall; to drop. [Obs.] For every tear he falls, a Trojan bleeds. Shak. To sink; to depress; as, to fall the voice. [Obs.] To diminish; to lessen or lower. [Obs.] Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you fall the price of your native commodities. Locke. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs. [R.] Shak. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a tree. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
FALLn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The act of falling; a dropping or descending be the force of gravity; descent; as, a fall from a horse, or from the yard of ship. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture; as, he was walking on ice, and had a fall. Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin. They thy fall conspire. Denham. Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall. Prov. xvi. 18. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; termination of greatness, power, or dominion; ruin; overthrow; as, the fall of the Roman empire. Beholds thee glorious only in thy fall. Pope. The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ; as, the fall of Sebastopol. Diminution or decrease in price or value; depreciation; as, the fall of prices; the fall of rents. A sinking of tone; cadence; as, the fall of the voice at the close of a sentence. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural, sometimes in the singular; as, the falls of Niagara. The discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; as, the fall of the Po into the Gulf of Venice. Addison. Extent of descent; the distance which anything falls; as, the water of a stream has a fall of five feet. The season when leaves fall from trees; autumn. What crowds of patients the town doctor kills, Or how, last fall, he raised the weekly bills. Dryden. That which falls; a falling; as, a fall of rain; a heavy fall of snow. The act of felling or cutting down. "The fall of timber." Johnson. Lapse or declinsion from innocence or goodness. Specifically: The first apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels. Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck; a falling band; a faule. B. Jonson. That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. Fall herring (Zoöl.), a herring of the Atlantic (Clupea mediocris); -- also called tailor herring, and hickory shad. -- To try a fall, to try a bout at wrestling. Shak.
Fallname
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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The sudden fall of humanity into a state of sin, as brought about by the transgression of Adam and Eve.
fallverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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To be moved downwards. | To move to a lower position under the effect of gravity. | To be moved downwards. | To come down, to drop or descend. | To be moved downwards. | To come as if by dropping down. | To be moved downwards. | To come to the ground deliberately, to prostrate oneself. | To be moved downwards. | To be brought to the ground. | To move downwards. | To let fall; to drop. | To move downwards. | To sink; to depress. | To move downwards. | To fell; to cut down. | To change, often negatively. | To become (chiefly used with negative states). | To change, often negatively. | To collapse; to be overthrown or defeated. | To change, often negatively. | To die, especially in battle or by disease. | To change, often negatively. | To become lower (in quantity, pitch, etc.). | To occur (on a certain day of the week, date, or similar); to happen. | To be allotted to; to arrive through chance, fate, or inheritance. | To diminish; to lessen or lower. | To bring forth. | To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; said of the young of certain animals. | To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin. | To become ensnared or entrapped; to be worse off than before. | To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear dejected; said of the face. | To happen; to come to pass; to chance or light (upon). | To begin with haste, ardour, or vehemence; to rush or hurry. | To be dropped or uttered carelessly. | To hang down (under the influence of gravity). | To visit; to go to a place.
fallintj
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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The cry given when a whale is sighted, or harpooned.

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