EAR

9 definitions found across Law Mind sources

EARAuthored
The Law Mind • 1033 words
Definition
EAR carries two distinct meanings in legal contexts: 1. EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS (EAR): The body of federal regulations, codified at 15 C.F.R. Parts 730–774, administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) within the U.S. Department of Commerce, that controls the export, re-export, and transfer of dual-use items — goods, software, and technology with both commercial and potential military or proliferation applications. The EAR operates alongside, and is often confused with, the stricter export control regimes administered by the Department of State (ITAR) and the Department of the Treasury (OFAC). Items subject to the EAR are classified under the Commerce Control List (CCL); items not on the CCL are designated EAR99 and generally require no license unless destined for restricted parties or embargoed destinations. 2. BODILY MEMBER IN CRIMINAL AND TORT LAW (historical): The ear as a physical organ of the body, relevant in three narrow legal contexts: (a) mayhem, as a recognized bodily member whose loss or permanent injury constituted the common law felony; (b) corporal punishment and mutilation, where cropping or cutting of the ear was historically imposed as a criminal penalty; and (c) civil actions for personal injury or assault, where loss or damage to the ear formed part of a damages claim. ---
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): The organ of hearing; the external part of that organ; also, the sense of hearing or skill in perceiving musical tones; and informally, a police informant. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): The organ of hearing; the sense of hearing and discrimination of sounds; also any projection or prominence on an object resembling an ear in position or shape. The ordinary meaning of "ear" is straightforwardly anatomical. The legal meaning has diverged in two directions: toward a highly technical regulatory acronym (EAR as Export Administration Regulations) that has nothing to do with anatomy, and toward the obsolete criminal law context of mayhem and corporal mutilation, where the physical organ carried specific legal consequence. Researchers encountering "ear" in legal materials must determine immediately which register they are in. ---
Common Confusion
EAR vs. ITAR: The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) are frequently conflated. ITAR, administered by the State Department's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, governs defense articles and services listed on the U.S. Munitions List. EAR governs dual-use items on the Commerce Control List. Jurisdiction between the two is not always obvious; a product may start under EAR and shift to ITAR depending on end use, modification, or incorporation into a defense article. The consequences of misclassifying an item under the wrong regime can be severe. EAR vs. OFAC: OFAC sanctions are party-based and destination-based restrictions administered by the Treasury Department. EAR controls are item-based and end-use-based restrictions administered by Commerce. A transaction may require compliance with both simultaneously. Neither regime displaces the other. ---
Why It Matters in Research
For export controls research: The EAR as a regulatory body is a living, frequently amended document. BIS updates the Commerce Control List, Entity List, and Unverified List on a rolling basis; the regulatory text in force at the time of a transaction controls. Researchers should never rely on a static snapshot of the CCL. The EAR also has significant interaction with OFAC's sanctions programs and ITAR; any research into one regime should prompt a check of the others. The Law Mind Encyclopedia entry on Sanctions and Export Controls addresses this intersection directly. For historical legal research: In pre-20th century sources, references to the "ear" appear almost exclusively in the context of mayhem doctrine and corporal punishment. Anderson's Dictionary cross-references EAR to MARK (branding) and MAYHEM, flagging the ear's role in the taxonomy of bodily injury and criminal mutilation. Researchers in historical criminal law sources should expect "ear" to carry this meaning and should trace the mayhem doctrine carefully, as what constituted mayhem varied between English common law and American jurisdictions. For Latin and Law French sources: Burrill's entry under "E." addresses the Latin prefix "e" (from; out of, a variant of ex) and the Law French contraction "e" for et (and). These are entirely unrelated to the organ or the regulations but appear at the same alphabetical location in historical dictionaries, creating a superficial indexing collision. Researchers using Burrill in original sources should not mistake these abbreviation entries for substantive treatment of the term. ---
Historical Dictionary Support
Anderson's Dictionary does not define "ear" independently, directing the reader instead to MARK (in the sense of branding as corporal punishment) and MAYHEM. This cross-reference structure reflects the common law framework: the ear was significant not as an abstract term but as one of the recognized bodily members whose loss defined the injury at common law. Burrill's entry at "E." is a Latin and Law French abbreviation guide, not a treatment of the ear as a legal term. The substantive legal content of "ear" in historical use must be reconstructed from the mayhem and corporal punishment entries in both dictionaries. Neither historical dictionary addresses the regulatory acronym EAR, which is a product of 20th-century administrative law and would not appear in any historical legal dictionary. Researchers should treat the two meanings as entirely distinct research tracks. ---
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
International — Sanctions and Export Controls (OFAC, EAR), The Law Mind Business Organizations & Corporate Law Encyclopedia ---
Related Terms
Export Administration Regulations — the full name of EAR in the regulatory sense ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) — parallel export control regime; frequent source of confusion OFAC — Treasury Department sanctions authority; operates alongside EAR Commerce Control List (CCL) — the item classification list under the EAR Entity List — BIS list of restricted parties under the EAR EAR99 — designation for items subject to EAR but not listed on the CCL Mayhem — common law felony; historically defined by reference to loss of ear or other bodily members Corporal Punishment — historical criminal penalty including ear-cropping Mutilation — broader category encompassing mayhem-type injuries Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) — administering agency for the EAR
EARcrossref
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
See MARK, 1 (2); MAYHEM.
EARmain
Burrill's Law Dictionary • 1867
(529) E. Lat. From; out of. See Ex. Ea est accipienda interpretatio, quæ vitio caret. That interpretation is to be received [or adopted] which is free from fault [or wrong]. The law will not intend a wrong. Bacon's Max. 17, (in reg. 3). E. L. Fr. A contraction of et, (and). I that he was properly the chief judicial officer Arsions e homicides. Artic. sup. Chart. or judge of the county, (prætorem seu justic. 17. E volums ke; and we will that. tiarium comitatus,) answering to the sagiConf. Cart. 25 Edw. I. baro of the Salian law; and that he was a different officer from the earl or comes, (who properly was the governor of the county,) occupying a middle rank between him and the vice-comes, or earl's deputy. Spelman, vocc. Aldermannus, Aldermannus comitatus. A law of Athelstan, cited by Spelman, (voc. Eorla,) in which eorles and ealdormannes are both mentioned, strongly confirms this idea; but the ancient authorities are not uniformly clear on this point. The word ealdorman is sometimes erroneously written (with an r,) earlderman, the first syllable of which may have led to the idea that it denoted the same officer as earl. See Earl.
EARn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The organ of hearing; the external ear. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only. Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear. Tennyson. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of Bell. Same as Acroterium (a). Same as Crossette. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention. Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit. Bacon. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Shak. About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. -- Ear finger, the little finger. -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear snail (Zoöl.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied genera. -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person. -- Ear vesicle (Zoöl.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. "Give ear unto my song." Goldsmith. -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.]
EARv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] "I eared her language." Two Noble Kinsmen.
EARn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels. First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28.
earnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
The organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna or auricle, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea. | The external part of the organ of hearing, the auricle. | A police informant. | The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; skill or good taste in listening to music. | The privilege of being kindly heard; favour; attention. | That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; a prominence or projection on an object, usually for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; a foot-rest or step of a spade or a similar digging tool. | An acroterium. | A crossette. | A space to the left or right of a publication's front-page title, used for advertising, weather, etc. | A curled ridge in the crust of a loaf of bread where the dough was slashed before going into the oven and expands during baking. | The outer panels or flaps (protrusions) of a diaper upon which the fasteners are located, which are fastened around the wearer's waist. | A path whose endpoints may coincide but in which otherwise there are no repetitions of vertices or edges.
earverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
To take in with the ears; to hear. | To hold by the ears.
earverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
To plough.

Explore the full Law Mind legal research platform.

SubscribeEncyclopediaSign In