DISTANCE

7 definitions found across Law Mind sources

DISTANCEAuthored
The Law Mind • 832 words
Definition
In law, distance refers to the measured space between two points or locations, most commonly arising in statutes, rules, and legal instruments that impose geographic requirements — such as how far a process server must travel, how close a business may operate to a school or church, or how near a witness must reside to be compelled to appear without undue hardship. The legal significance of distance lies not in the measurement itself but in which method of measurement applies: straight-line (as the crow flies) or by the usually traveled road. These two methods can produce materially different results, and courts have not applied a single universal rule.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): An amount of space between points, usually but not necessarily measured along a straight line. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): The space between two objects; the length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate; measure of separation in place. Editorial note: Common usage treats distance as naturally meaning straight-line measurement. Legal usage complicates this — the method of measurement depends on context and statutory purpose. A distance requirement in a service-of-process rule may follow road distance, while a zoning restriction or jurisdictional statute may follow straight-line measurement. Researchers who assume the common meaning applies to a legal text may reach the wrong result.
Common Confusion
The primary source of confusion is not between two terms but between two measurement conventions applied to the same term. Straight-line distance (sometimes called air-line distance or measurement as the crow flies) and road distance (measurement by the usually traveled route) are legal distinct standards, and the applicable rule is not always stated explicitly in the governing instrument. Courts have resolved ambiguity by reference to the purpose of the provision. A service rule designed to protect a party from burdensome travel is more naturally read to mean road distance; a statute designed to create a geographic buffer zone is more naturally read to mean straight-line distance. Researchers should not assume one standard and should check how the relevant jurisdiction has resolved the question for the specific type of rule at issue.
Why It Matters in Research
Corpus researchers working with historical statutes, court rules, or local ordinances will encounter distance requirements frequently and without explicit guidance on measurement method. Several practical traps arise: First, the same jurisdiction may apply different measurement rules to different types of provisions — road distance for service rules, straight-line distance for zoning or licensing restrictions — and the case law resolving each type of question developed independently. Second, historical sources use both conventions without consistent labeling. The phrase "as the crow flies" appears in older judicial opinions as a shorthand for straight-line measurement but is rarely found in the statutory text being interpreted. Third, distance requirements in older instruments were often calibrated to practical realities of travel by foot or horse, making road-distance the more sensible interpretive choice. Modern researchers applying those instruments in a contemporary context should be cautious about importing modern straight-line GIS measurements without verifying the original interpretive rule. Fourth, distance interacts with related terms — NEAR, ALONG, COURSE, DIRECT — each of which carries its own doctrinal history. Anderson's cross-references to these terms are a useful signal that distance questions rarely travel alone.
Historical Dictionary Support
Bouvier and Anderson agree on the default rule: distance is measured in a straight line, as the crow flies, on the horizontal plane. Both treat this as the general legal standard. Both also acknowledge the exception: when context calls for it — particularly in rules of court governing service of process — courts have measured by the usually traveled road rather than the straight line. Bouvier supports the straight-line default with English authority and notes the road-distance exception with a New York case. Anderson states the rule more crisply and adds the horizontal-plane qualification, which is relevant in terrain with significant elevation change — a detail Bouvier omits. Neither dictionary addresses what is now the more practically significant question: how distance is established as a matter of evidence. In modern litigation, this question involves survey evidence, GPS measurement, and expert testimony — topics entirely beyond the scope of these historical sources. Both dictionaries are thin on the full range of contexts in which distance arises legally. Zoning law, liquor licensing, sex offender residency restrictions, jurisdictional statutes, and subpoena reach are all governed by distance requirements, and none of these modern applications are discussed. The historical entries are useful for the measurement-method question but should not be treated as comprehensive.
Jurisdictional Note
No single national rule governs which measurement method applies. States and federal circuits have resolved the question independently, often on a provision-by-provision basis. Researchers should locate jurisdiction-specific authority for the particular type of legal instrument at issue rather than relying on general principles.
Related Terms
NEAR; ALONG; COURSE; DIRECT; SERVICE OF PROCESS; JURISDICTION; VENUE; ZONING; SUBPOENA; METES AND BOUNDS
DISTANCEmain
Bouvier's Law Dictionary • 1928
The rule is that the dis- tance between given points should be meas- ured in a straight line; 5 E. & B. 92; 6 id. 350; 8 L. R. Exch. 32. But in a rule of court as to service the distance has been taken by the usual road; 7 Cow. 419.
DISTANCEmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
Is measured in a straight line, as the crow flies," or on the horizontal plane.1 May refer to the usually traveled road.2 See ALONG; COURSE, 1; DIRECT, 1; NEAR.
DISTANCEn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The space between two objects; the length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate; measure of separation in place. Every particle attracts every other with a force . . . inversely proportioned to the square of the distance. Sir I. Newton. Remoteness of place; a remote place. Easily managed from a distance. W. Irving. 'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. T. Campbell. [He] waits at distance till he hears from Cato. Addison. A space marked out in the last part of a race course. The horse that ran the whole field out of distance. L'Estrange. Relative space, between troops in ranks, measured from front to rear; -- contrasted with interval, which is measured from right to left. "Distance between companies in close column is twelve yards." Farrow. Space between two antagonists in fencing. Shak. The part of a picture which contains the representation of those objects which are the farthest away, esp. in a landscape. Ideal disjunction; discrepancy; contrariety. Locke. Length or interval of time; period, past or future, between two eras or events. Ten years' distance between one and the other. Prior. The writings of Euclid at the distance of two thousand years. Playfair. The remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence, respect; ceremoniousness. I hope your modesty Will know what distance to the crown is due. Dryden. 'T is by respect and distance that authority is upheld. Atterbury. A withholding of intimacy; alienation; coldness; disagreement; variance; restraint; reserve. Setting them [factions] at distance, or at least distrust amongst themselves. Bacon. On the part of Heaven, Now alienated, distance and distaste. Milton. Remoteness in succession or relation; as, the distance between a descendant and his ancestor. The interval between two notes; as, the distance of a fourth or seventh. Angular distance, the distance made at the eye by lines drawn from the eye to two objects. -- Lunar distance. See under Lunar. -- North polar distance (Astron.), the distance on the heavens of a heavenly body from the north pole. It is the complement of the declination. -- Zenith distance (Astron.), the arc on the heavens from a heavenly body to the zenith of the observer. It is the complement of the altitude. -- To keep one's distance, to stand aloof; to refrain from familiarity. If a man makes keep my distance, the comfort is he keeps his at the same time. Swift.
DISTANCEv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To place at a distance or remotely. I heard nothing thereof at Oxford, being then miles distanced thence. Fuller. To cause to appear as if at a distance; to make seem remote. His peculiar art of distancing an object to aggrandize his space. H. Miller. To outstrip by as much as a distance (see Distance, n., 3); to leave far behind; to surpass greatly. He distanced the most skillful of his contemporaries. Milner.
distancenoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | Chiefly in by a distance: a space of more than 30 lengths (about 80 yards or 7.3 metres) between two racehorses finishing a race, used to describe the margin of victory; also (archaic), any space of 240 yards (about 219.5 metres) on a racecourse. | Chiefly in from a distance: a place which is far away or remote; specifically (especially painting), a more remote part of a landscape or view as contrasted with the foreground. | Chiefly with a modifying word: a measure between two points or quantities; a difference, a variance. | An interval or length of time between events. | A separation in some way other than space or time. | Synonym of length (“an extent measured along the longest dimension of an object”). | A disagreement, a dispute; also, an estrangement. | A difference in pitch between sounds; an interval. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | The maximum amount of space between a boxer and their opponent within which the boxer can punch effectively. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | Often in go the distance, last the distance, or stay the distance: the scheduled duration of a bout. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | The amount of space between a fencer and their opponent, which the fencer tries to control in order to gain an advantage over the opponent. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | Originally, the space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; also, the point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; now, the point on a racecourse 240 yards from the winning post. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | The amount of space between soldiers or cavalry riders marching or standing in a rank; also, the amount of space between such ranks. | The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line. | The complete length of a course over which a race is run. | Chiefly preceded by the, especially in into or in the distance: the place that is far away or remote. | The state of being separated from something else, especially by a long way; the state of being far off or remote; farness, remoteness. | The entire amount of progress to an objective. | The state of remoteness or separation in some way other than space or time. | The state of people not being close, friendly, or intimate with each other; also, the state of people who were once close, friendly, or intimate with each other no longer being so; estrangement. | Excessive reserve or lack of friendliness shown by a person; aloofness, coldness. | The rank to which an important person belongs. | The state of disagreement or dispute between people; dissension. | Often followed by to or towards: an attitude of remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence, ceremoniousness.
distanceverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
Often followed by from: to set (someone or something) at a distance (noun noun sense 1.1) from someone or something else. | To cause (a place, a thing, etc.) to seem distant, or (figurative) unfamiliar. | To leave behind (someone or something moving in the same direction; specifically, other competitors in a race) some distance away; to outpace, to outstrip. | To keep (someone) emotionally or socially apart from another person or people. | To exceed or surpass (someone, such as a peer or rival); to outdo, to outstrip. | To keep (oneself) away from someone or something, especially because one does not want to be associated with that person or thing. | Of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; also (passive voice), to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance. | To cover the entire distance to (something). | To depart from (a place); to leave (a place) behind. | To indicate or measure the distance to (a place). | To set (two or more things) at regular distances from each other; to space, to space out. | Often followed by from. | To set oneself at a distance from someone or something else; to move away from someone or something. | Often followed by from. | To keep oneself emotionally or socially apart from another person or people; to keep one's distance.

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