CUT

A wound made with a sharp instru- such a way as to carry out the testator's gen- ment.

A wound made with a sharp in- strument. 3 La. Ann. 512; 1 Russ. & R. 104. See 12 How. 9, 20.

ableno sufficient legal reason be assignable against the custom; certain - ascertained or ascertainable; be sufficient to establish a custom.1 The uncontradicted testimony of one witness may compulsory - not left to one's option, to use or not to use; and consistent with each other, if not, then they could never have been assented to. Customs in derogation of the common law are strictly construed.1 In few States do any purely local customs, such as have just been explained, exist. And such customs are to be carefully distinguished from "usages of trade or business." These are everywhere allowed their just influence and operation. A usage of trade and business clearly proved to exist, to be ancient, notorious, reasonable, and consistent with law, is permitted to explain the meaning of ambiguous words in written contracts, and to control the mode and extent of their rights where the parties have been silent. But it is never admitted against the expressed agreement of the parties, nor in violation of any statute or wellestablished rule of law. The current of decisions of late years has been to restrain and limit the allowance and influence of special usages." The courts take judicial notice of general customs. Particular or special customs are to be alleged and proved. 3 Evidence of a temporary custom of which the party to be affected has no knowledge is not admissible against him. Where the object is to interpret a contract it is not necessary to prove all the elements of a custom necessary to make a law.5 To establish the validity of a custom the usage must have existed so long as to become generally known, and it must be clearly and distinctly proved. The concurrent testimony of a large number of wit nesses increases the probability of its being generally known. This is illustrated in the case of a custom which authorizes the captain of a steamboat to insure it for the benefit of the owner without his express direction. Evidence of a custom or usage of trade is resorted to in order to ascertain and explain the meaning and intention of the parties to a contract: on the theory that they knew of its existence and contracted with reference to it. It is never received if it is inconsistent with the contract, if it contradicts or varies directly or by necessary implication express stipulations, if it would subvert a settled rule of law, or if there is no contract in reality." See RINGING UP. 11 Bl. Com. 76-79; Lindsay v. Cusimano, 12 F. R. 506 (1882); 110 U. S. 499. 21 Shars. Bl. Com. 78; Coxe v. Heisley, 19 Pa. 246-48 (1852), cases, Black, C. J. $1 Greenl. Ev. § 5; 1 Whart. Ev. §§ 298, 331. 4 Wootters v. Kauffman, 67 Tex. 493 (1887), cases. * Carter v. Philadelphia Coal Co., 77 Pa. 290 (1875); Morningstar v. Cunningham, 110 Ind. 333-35 (1886), cases; 1 Cooley, Bl. Com. 76, note. Customary rights and incidents are such as universally attach to the subject-matter of a contract in the place where the contract is made. These also are impliedly annexed to the terms of a contract unless expressly excluded.2 See USE, 2, Usage; Usus, Malus usus, etc. Custom of merchants. A system of customs, originating among merchants, and allowed for the benefit of trade as part of the common law. Of such are certain rules relating to bills of exchange (as, that of allowing days of grace), to mercantile contracts, to the sale, purchase, and barter of goods, to freight, insurance, shipping, partnerships. Constitutes the lex mercatoria or law merchant. See MERCHANT, Law. Customs of London. Particular customs relating chiefly to trade, apprentices, widows, orphans, and local government. Good only by special usage; and tried by the certificate of the mayor and alderman, by the mouth of their recorder.4 1. A wound made with an instrument having an edge. See BATTERY; MAYHEM; STAB; WOUND. 2. An impression made upon paper or cloth from an engraved block or plate. See COPY-

To sparate the parts of with, or as with, a sharp instrument; to make an incision in; to gash; to sever; to divide. You must cut this flesh from off his breast. Shak. Before the whistling winds the vessels fly, With rapid swiftness cut the liquid way. Pope. To sever and cause to fall for the purpose of gathering; to hew; to mow or reap. Thy servants can skill to cut timer. 2. Chron. ii. 8 To sever and remove by cutting; to cut off; to dock; as, to cut the hair; to cut the nails. To castrate or geld; as, to cut a horse. To form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, etc.; to carve; to hew out. Why should a man. whose blood is warm within, Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster Shak. Loopholes cut through thickest shade. Milton. To wound or hurt deeply the snsibilities of; to pierce; to lacerate; as, sarcasm cuts to the quick. The man was cut to the heart. Addison. To intersect; to cross; as, one line cuts another at right angles. To refuse to recognize; to ignorre; as, to cut a person in the street; to cut one's acquaintance. [Colloq.] To absent one's self from; as, to cut an appointment, a recitation. etc. [Colloq.] An English tradesman is always solicitous to cut the shop whenever he can do so with impunity. Thomas Hamilton. To cut a caper. See under Caper. -- To cut the cards, to divide a pack of cards into portions, in order to determine the deal or the trump, or to change the cards to be dealt. -- To cut a dash or a figure, to make a display. [Colloq.] -- To cut down. (a) To sever and cause to fall; to fell; to prostrate. "Timber . . . cut down in the mountains of Cilicia." Knolles. (b) To put down; to abash; to humble, [Obs] "So great is his natural eloquence, that he cuts doun the finest orator." Addison (c) To lessen; to retrench; to curtail; as, to cut down expenses. (d) (Naut.) To raze; as, to cut down a frigate into a sloop. -- To cut the knot or the Gordian knot, to dispose of a difficulty summarily; to solve it by prompt, arbitrary action, rather than by skill or patience. -- To cut lots, to determine lots by cuttings cards; to draw lots. -- To cut off. (a) To sever; to separate. I would to God, . . . The king had cut off my brother's. Shak. To put an untimely death; to put an end to; to destroy. "Irencut off by martyrdom." Addison. (c) To interrupt; as, to cut off communication; to cut off (the flow of) steam from (the boiler to) a steam engine. (d) To intercept; as,, to cut off an enemy's retreat. To end; to finish; as, to cut off further debate. -- To cut out. (a) To remove by cutting or carving; as, to cut out a piece from a board. (b) To shape or form by cutting; as, to cut out a garment. " A large forest cut out into walks." Addison. (c) To scheme; to contrive; to prepare; as, to cut out work for another day. "Every man had cut out a place for himself." Addison. (d) To step in and take the place of; to supplant; as, to cut out a rival. [Colloq.] To debar. "I am cut out from anything but common acknowledgments." Pope. (f) To seize and carry off (a vessel) from a harbor, or from under the guns of an enemy. -- To cut to pieces. (a) To cut into pieces; as, to cut cloth to pieces. (b) To slaughter; as, to cut an army to pieces. -- To cut a play (Drama), to shorten it by leaving out passages, to adapt it for the stage. -- To cut rates (Railroads, etc.), to reduce the charges for transportation below the rates established between competing lines. -- To cut short, to arrest or check abruptly; to bring to a sudden termination. "Achilles cut him short, and thus replied." Dryden. -- To cut stick, to make off clandestinely or precipitately. [Slang] -- To cut teeth, to put forth teeth; to have the teeth pierce through the gum and appear. -- To have cut one's eyeteeth, to be sharp and knowing. [Colloq.] -- To cut one's wisdom teeth, to come to years of discretion. -- To cut under, to undersell; as, to cut under a competitor in trade. -- To cut up. (a) To cut to pieces; as, to cut up an animal, or bushes. (b) To damage or destroy; to injure; to wound; as, to cut up a book or its author by severe criticism. "This doctrine cuts up all government by the roots." Locke. (c) To afflict; to discourage; to demoralize; as, the death of his friend cut him up terribly. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

To do the work of an edged tool; to serve in dividing or gashing; as, a knife cuts well. To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting instrument. Panels of white wood that cuts like cheese. Holmes. To perform the operation of dividing, severing, incising, intersecting, etc.; to use a cutting instrument. He saved the lives of thousands by manner of cutting for the stone. Pope. To make a stroke with a whip. To interfere, as a horse. To move or make off quickly. [Colloq.] To divide a pack of cards into two portion to decide the deal or trump, or to schange the order of the cards to be dealt. To cut across, to pass over or through in the most direct way; as, to cut across a field. -- To cut and run, to make off suddenly and quickly; -- from the cutting of a ship's cable, when there is not time to raise the anchor. [Colloq.] -- To cut in or into, to interrupt; to jont an anything suddenly. -- To cut up. (a) To play pranks. [Colloq.] (b) To divide into portions well or ill; to have the property left at one's death turn out well or poorly when divided among heirs, legatees, etc. [Slang.] "When I die, may I cut up as well as Morgan Pendennis." Thackeray.

An opening made with an edged instrument; a cleft; a gash; a slash; a wound made by cutting; as, a sword cut. A stroke or blow or cutting motion with an edged instrument; a stroke or blow with a whip. That which wounds the feelings, as a harsh remark or criticism, or a sarcasm; personal discourtesy, as neglecting to recognize an acquaintance when meeting him; a slight. Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, snapped his teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind cut indeed. W. Irving. A notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging; a furrow; a groove; as, a cut for a railroad. This great cut or ditch Secostris . . . purposed to have made a great deal wider and deeper. Knolles. The surface left by a cut; as, a smooth or clear cut. A portion severed or cut off; a division; as, a cut of beef; a cut of timber. It should be understood, moreover, . . . that the group are not arbitrary cuts, but natural groups or types. Dana. An engraved block or plate; the impression from such an engraving; as, a book illustrated with fine cuts. The act of dividing a pack cards. The right to divide; as, whose cut is it Manner in which a thing is cut or formed; shape; style; fashion; as, the cut of a garment. With eyes severe and beard of formal cut. Shak. A common work horse; a gelding. [Obs.] He'll buy me a cut, forth for to ride. Beau. & Fl. The failure of a college officer or student to be present at any appointed exercise. [College Cant] A skein of yarn. Wright. A cut in rates (Railroad), a reduction in fare, freight charges, etc., below the established rates. -- A short cut, a cross route which shortens the way and cuts off a circuitous passage. -- The cut of one's jib, the general appearance of a person. [Colloq.] -- To draw cuts, to draw lots, as of paper, etc., cut unequal lengths. Now draweth cut . . . The which that hath the shortest shall begin. Chaucer.

To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To perform an incision on, for example with a knife. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To divide with a knife, scissors, or another sharp instrument. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To form or shape by cutting. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To wound with a knife. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To engage in self-harm by making cuts in one's own skin. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To deliver a stroke with a whip or like instrument to. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To wound or hurt deeply the sensibilities of; to pierce. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To castrate or geld. | To incise, to cut into the surface of something. | To interfere, as a horse; to strike one foot against the opposite foot or ankle in using the legs. | To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting instrument. | To separate, remove, reject or reduce. | To separate or omit, in a situation where one was previously associated. | To separate, remove, reject or reduce. | To abridge or shorten a work; to remove a portion of a recording during editing. | To separate, remove, reject or reduce. | To reduce, especially intentionally. | To separate, remove, reject or reduce. | To absent oneself from (a class, an appointment, etc.). | To separate, remove, reject or reduce. | To leave abruptly. | To ignore as a social rebuff or snub. | To make an abrupt transition from one scene or image to another. | To edit a film by selecting takes from original footage. | To remove (text, a picture, etc.) and place in memory in order to paste at a later time. | To enter a queue in the wrong place. | To intersect or cross in such a way as to divide in half or nearly so. | To make the ball spin sideways by running one's fingers down the side of the ball while bowling it. | To deflect (a bowled ball) to the off, with a chopping movement of the bat. | To change direction suddenly. | To divide a pack of playing cards into two parts, often followed by placing the two parts back together in the opposite order. | To make, negotiate; to finalise, conclude; to issue. | To dilute or adulterate something, especially a recreational drug. | To exhibit (a figure having some trait). | To stop, disengage, or cease. | To renounce or give up. | To drive (a ball) to one side, as by (in billiards or croquet) hitting it fine with another ball, or (in tennis) striking it with the racket inclined. | To lose body mass, aiming to keep muscle but lose body fat. | To perform (an elaborate dancing movement etc.). | To run or hurry.

An instruction to cease recording.

Having been cut. | Reduced. | Carved into a shape; not raw. | Played with a horizontal bat to hit the ball backward of point. | Having muscular definition in which individual groups of muscle fibers stand out among larger muscles. | Circumcised or having been the subject of female genital mutilation. | Upset, angry; emotionally hurt. | Intoxicated as a result of drugs or alcohol.