CROWN

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

CROWNAuthored
The Law Mind • 1264 words
Definition
CROWN has several distinct legal meanings in common-law jurisdictions, all originating from the concept of royal sovereignty: 1. The sovereign power or state in a monarchy. In this sense, "the Crown" does not refer to the physical object or even the individual monarch, but to the perpetual institution of sovereign authority — the state itself, as distinguished from any particular ruler. Criminal prosecutions in Commonwealth jurisdictions are brought in the name of the Crown (e.g., Regina v. Smith), reflecting the principle that crimes are offenses against the sovereign order, not merely against individual victims. 2. The monarch personally. "The Crown" is frequently used as a synonym for the sovereign — the reigning king or queen — particularly when describing the exercise of prerogative powers, the granting of royal assent, or the formal duties of the head of state. 3. Crown lands. A specific property law concept referring to lands owned by or reserved to the sovereign, whether retained at the original distribution of territory or acquired subsequently through forfeiture, escheat, or other means. Crown lands are distinct from the monarch's private property and are treated as part of the public patrimony. 4. A former English silver coin valued at five shillings. Now obsolete as currency but appears in historical contracts, judgments, and fee schedules.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): A royal or imperial headdress; by extension, the sovereign, the state or government headed by a monarch, or imperial power generally. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): The physical ornamental badge of regal power worn on the head by sovereign princes; also the sovereign herself, or the rights and prerogatives belonging to her. The gap between common and legal meaning is significant in research contexts. In ordinary speech, "crown" most readily calls to mind the physical object or a general sense of royalty. In legal sources, "the Crown" operates as a precise constitutional concept — an entity capable of holding property, bringing prosecutions, exercising prerogative powers, and being sued (under modern statutory waiver). A researcher who reads "offenses against the Crown" as mere rhetorical flourish for "the king" will miss the structural point: the Crown as perpetual institution persists through the death of individual monarchs, which is why criminal proceedings do not abate on the death of a sovereign.
Common Confusion
Crown (the institution) vs. the monarch personally: These are legally distinct. The Crown is perpetual and institutional; the monarch is mortal and individual. Property held by the Crown is public patrimony; property held by the monarch personally is private. This distinction matters acutely in property, contract, and constitutional law research. Crown lands vs. Crown prerogative: Historical sources sometimes conflate discussions of Crown lands (a property concept) with discussions of Crown prerogative (a constitutional concept). They share a common source in royal authority but operate under entirely different legal frameworks.
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES Crown lands: Real property belonging to the sovereign in right of the Crown, as distinct from the monarch's private estate. Crown prerogative: The residual body of customary authority and privilege legally recognized as belonging to the Crown, exercisable without parliamentary authorization. Crown prosecution / Crown solicitor: In criminal law, proceedings brought by or on behalf of the Crown. In Ireland historically, dedicated Crown solicitors managed criminal prosecutions on each circuit; in England, prosecutions were handled less systematically. Crown debts: Debts owed to the Crown, historically accorded priority over other creditors — a doctrine with significant implications in insolvency and estate administration.
Why It Matters in Research
The multi-layered meaning of "Crown" is one of the more consequential ambiguities in common-law research. When reading 18th- or 19th-century sources, determine at the outset which sense is operative: institutional state, the individual monarch, a property category, or the coin. In criminal law research, "Crown" as prosecutor is foundational. The transition from private prosecution to Crown prosecution is a major development in English legal history, and the historical dictionaries reflect an intermediate period when the system was unsettled — Crown solicitors existed in Ireland but not systematically in England. Researchers studying prosecution practice will need to trace this evolution carefully. In property research, Crown lands carry a complex history. As Rapalje & Lawrence notes, successive grants by sovereigns to lords of manors and others transferred most prerogative rights — estrays, waifs, and similar incidents — to private hands, substantially diminishing the Crown patrimony. Sources written before and after major grant periods will reflect very different pictures of what "Crown lands" actually encompasses. In constitutional research, the Crown's descendibility is a recurring topic in the historical sources. The key doctrinal point — that parliamentary limitation does not destroy the hereditary quality of the Crown but redirects it — appears consistently across Blackstone, Rapalje & Lawrence, and both editions of Black's. This doctrinal stability is noteworthy. Commonwealth researchers should be alert to jurisdictional divergence: in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, "the Crown" takes on additional complexity because it can mean either the federal Crown or a provincial/state Crown, and the two are distinct legal persons for many purposes. Historical English sources do not contemplate this structure. For Law Mind corpus researchers: cases and commentary using "the Crown" as prosecutor are overwhelmingly English, Irish, or Commonwealth in origin. American sources after independence largely abandon this framing, substituting "the People," "the State," or "the United States." An American researcher encountering "Crown" in a case is almost certainly reading English or colonial-period material, which is itself a useful dating and jurisdictional signal.
Historical Dictionary Support
The historical dictionaries present a consistent core definition — the Crown as sovereign power and as shorthand for the monarch — but vary in depth and emphasis. Black's (both editions) is the most thorough, capturing all four senses: institutional power, the monarch personally, Crown lands, and the coin. The entry in Black's specifically flags the Crown's role in criminal law ("felony is an offense of the crown," citing Finch), which Bouvier reduces to a single sentence ("a word often used for the sovereign") without elaborating the criminal law dimension. Rapalje & Lawrence focuses almost exclusively on the descendibility of the Crown and the depletion of Crown lands through royal grants — particularly the grant of prerogative rights to lords of manors — and notes the corrective legislation passed in the reign of Queen Anne restricting future grants. This historical and property-focused emphasis distinguishes Rapalje from the other sources and makes it valuable for property and constitutional history research. None of the historical sources addresses the modern development of Crown immunity and its statutory modification, the emergence of the Crown as a corporate-style litigant capable of being sued, or the Commonwealth-specific complications of multiple Crowns. These are gaps that researchers using only historical dictionaries will need to supplement with modern constitutional scholarship.
Jurisdictional Note
"The Crown" as a legal concept is operative in England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other Commonwealth jurisdictions. In the United States, the concept did not survive independence; American law substitutes sovereign immunity doctrine without the Crown framework. Within federal Commonwealth jurisdictions (Canada, Australia), Crown liability and Crown immunity vary significantly between the federal and provincial or state levels, and the two are treated as distinct legal persons.
Related Terms
Sovereign | Sovereignty | Crown prerogative | Royal prerogative | Crown lands | Escheat | Forfeiture | Crown immunity | Rex | Regina | Parens patriae | Prosecution | Crown solicitor | Demise of the Crown | Letters patent | Royal assent | Commonwealth (as political concept)
CROWNmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
The sovereign power in a monarchy, especially in relation to the pun- ishment of crimes. "Felony is an offense of the crown." Finch, Law, b. 1, c. 16. An ornamental badge of regal power worn on the head by sovereign princes. The word is frequently used when speaking of the sov ereign herself, or the rights, duties, and pre- rogatives belonging to her. Also a silver coin of the value of five shillings. Wharton.
CROWNmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
In England, the solicitor to the treasury acts, in state prosecutions, as solicitor for the crown in preparing the prosecution. In Ireland there are officers called "crown solicitors" attached to each circuit, whose duty it is to get up every case for the crown in criminal prosecu- tions. They are paid by salaries. There is no such system in England, where prosecu- tions are conducted by solicitors appointed by the parish, or other persons bound over to prosecute by the magistrates on each com- mittal; but in Scotland the still better plan exists of a crown prosecutor (called the "proc- urator-fiscal," and being a subordinate of the lord-advocate) in every county, who pre- pares every criminal prosecution. Wharton.
CROWNmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
That share of lands reserved to the crown at the original distribution of landed property, or which came to it after- wards by forfeiture or otherwise. 1 Bl. Comm. 286; 2 Steph. Comm. 550.
CROWNn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
p. p. of Crow. [Obs.]
CROWNn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. "An olive branch and laurel crown." Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptiblle. 1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. Rev. ii. 10. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. Macaulay. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. Junius. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Prov. xvi. 4. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. Milton. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. Dryden. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. Bunyan. The part of a hat above the brim. The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth. The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only. Same as Corona. That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. Totten. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. The dome of a furnace. The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters. A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. A size of writing paper. See under Paper. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. -- Crown antler (Zoöl.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim. -- Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace. -- Crown glass. See under Glass. -- Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. [Eng.] "She pawned and set to sale the crown jewels." Milton. -- Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign. -- Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] -- Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.] -- Crown octavo. See under Paper. -- Crown office. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown paper. See under Paper. -- Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. -- Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. -- Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. -- Crown shell. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell. -- Crown side. See Crown office. -- Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. 1 Macc. x. 20. -- Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown work. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.
CROWNv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with royal dignity and power. Her who fairest does appear, Crown her queen of all the year. Dryden. Crown him, and say, "Long live our emperor." Shak. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify. Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and honor. Ps. viii. 5. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect. Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill. Byron. One day shall crown the alliance. Shak. To crown the whole, came a proposition. Motley. To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face of a machine pulley. To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach. To crown a knot (Naut.), to lay the ends of the strands over and under each other.
crownnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
A royal, imperial or princely headdress; a diadem. | A wreath or band for the head, especially one given as reward of victory or a mark of honor. | Any reward of victory or mark of honor. | Imperial or regal power, or those who wield it. | The sovereign (in a monarchy), as head of state. | The state, the government (headed by a monarch). | The police (referring to Crown Victoria police cars). | The top part of something: | The topmost part of the head. | The top part of something: | The topmost part of the head. | During childbirth, the appearance of the baby's head from the mother's vagina. | The top part of something: | The topmost part of the head. | A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. | The top part of something: | The highest part of a hill. | The top part of something: | The top section of a hat, above the brim. | The top part of something: | The raised centre of a road. | The top part of something: | The highest part of an arch. | The top part of something: | The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. | The top part of something: | The dome of a furnace. | The top part of something: | The upper part of certain fruits, as the pineapple or strawberry, that is removed before eating. | The top part of something: | The top of a tree. | A kind of spire or lantern formed by converging flying buttresses. | Splendor; culmination; acme. | Any currency (originally) issued by the crown (regal power) and often bearing a crown (headdress); (translation) various currencies known by similar names in their native languages, such as the korona, koruna, krona, króna, krone. | A former predecimalization British coin worth five shillings. | A coin or note worth five shillings in various countries that are or were in the British Commonwealth, such as Ireland or Jamaica. | The part of a plant where the root and stem meet. | The part of a tooth above the gums. | A prosthetic covering for a tooth. | A knot formed in the end of a rope by tucking in the strands to prevent them from unravelling. | The part of an anchor where the arms and the shank meet. | The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. | A standard size of printing paper measuring 20 × 15 inches. | A standard size of writing paper measuring 19 × 15 inches. | A monocyclic ligand having three or more binding sites, capable of holding a guest in a central location. | A rounding or smoothing of the barrel opening. | The area enclosed between two concentric perimeters. | A whole bird with the legs and wings removed to produce a joint of white meat. | A formal hat worn by women to Sunday church services; a church crown. | The knurled knob or dial, on the outside of a watch case, used to wind it or adjust the hands.
crownverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
past participle of crow
Crownname
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
The sovereign of a monarchy; often with reference to that of the Commonwealth realms. | The government of a monarchy; often with reference to one that is a member of the Commonwealth realms. | A Crown attorney.

Explore the full Law Mind legal research platform.

SubscribeEncyclopediaSign In