BOARD

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

BOARDAuthored
The Law Mind • 1364 words
Definition
A body of persons organized under authority of law, charter, or contract to exercise defined powers, perform oversight functions, or carry out administrative, fiduciary, or representative duties collectively. The term appears across virtually every domain of law, and context determines which meaning applies. 1. Governing or Administrative Board. A group of individuals constituted as a collective decision-making unit for an organization or governmental function. Examples: board of directors (corporation), board of trustees (nonprofit or educational institution), board of aldermen (municipal government), board of health (public health authority), board of appeals (administrative adjudication). 2. Adjudicatory or Review Board. A quasi-judicial body empowered to hear appeals, review decisions, or make rulings within a specific administrative domain. Examples: Board of Immigration Appeals, zoning board of appeals, military discharge review board, workers' compensation board. 3. Lodging and Sustenance (historical and contractual). Food and sometimes lodging furnished in exchange for compensation. Appears in older statutes, innkeeper law, and contracts. A "boarder" receives regular meals — with or without lodging — under a contractual arrangement distinct from the legal status of a guest at an inn. ---
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): A relatively long, wide, thin piece of material (usually wood), used in construction or furniture-making; also shorthand for various flat surfaces (blackboard, surfboard, chessboard) and devices containing controls (switchboard). Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): A piece of timber sawed thin; a table for food; meals or provision furnished for pay; a council or court convened around a table. The physical-object meaning (plank, flat surface) and the sustenance meaning (meals) are both older than the governance meaning. The legal sense of "board" as a collective governing body grew directly from the image of persons seated around a table — but modern legal usage has nearly severed that etymological thread. Researchers should be alert to the sustenance meaning in historical sources predating the twentieth century; in contemporary law, it survives mainly in landlord-tenant, innkeeper, and public benefits contexts. ---
Common Confusion
Board vs. Committee vs. Commission. These terms are not interchangeable. A board typically has independent authority and often exercises fiduciary or quasi-judicial functions. A committee is usually subordinate to a larger body (such as a board committee reporting to a full board of directors). A commission may be a synonym for board in some governmental contexts, but is more often used for independent regulatory agencies with rulemaking power. Historical statutes use all three terms loosely; do not assume structural equivalence across sources. Board vs. Boarder vs. Guest. In innkeeper law, the distinction between a boarder (contracted meal-taker) and a guest (transient traveler) carried significant legal consequences for the innkeeper's liability. Anderson's flags this directly. Modern hotel law has largely collapsed the distinction, but it remains live in historical negligence and conversion cases. ---
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES Corporate Board: Board of directors of a for-profit corporation; owes fiduciary duties to shareholders; typically has audit, compensation, and nominating committees reporting to it. Governmental Board: Municipal or state body exercising administrative or legislative functions (board of health, board of education, board of supervisors). Authority is statutory; actions must comply with enabling legislation and open-meeting laws. Adjudicatory/Review Board: Quasi-judicial body within an administrative agency. Final agency action subject to judicial review. Examples: Board of Immigration Appeals, Merit Systems Protection Board, military discharge review boards. Advisory Board: A non-binding consultative body. Carries no independent legal authority; actions are recommendations only. Fiduciary duties typically do not apply. Board of Examiners/Licensure Board: State body empowered to issue, suspend, or revoke professional licenses. Exercises delegated state police power. ---
Why It Matters in Research
Ambiguity of authority. When you encounter "board" in a statute, contract, or case, the first research task is identifying what kind of board it is and what authority it holds. An advisory board and a board of directors are worlds apart legally. Historical sources often use "board" without this disambiguation. Shifting governance structures. The legal duties of corporate boards have evolved substantially — from modest oversight in early twentieth-century doctrine to the robust fiduciary framework developed through Delaware case law. A source from 1920 describing a board's authority may not reflect modern standards at all. Governmental boards and open-meeting law. Many research problems involving governmental boards turn on procedural requirements (quorum, notice, open meetings, recordkeeping) that are creatures of statute and vary sharply by jurisdiction. Historical sources predate much of this framework and will not flag these requirements. Administrative boards and the record. In adjudicatory board contexts (immigration, military, workers' compensation), the administrative record is the universe for judicial review. Research into board decisions must account for the doctrine governing what courts can and cannot consider — and how that doctrine has shifted over time. The sustenance meaning in historical sources. Pre-twentieth century legal materials — particularly innkeeper and poor-law cases — use "board" to mean meals or lodging. Do not read this into modern governance contexts. Anderson's and the first edition of Black's both include the sustenance definition prominently; the second edition of Black's does not contain an entry for "board" in the excerpted material provided, which itself signals how source-dependent this research can be. ---
Historical Dictionary Support
Black's Law Dictionary (1st Ed.) captures the dual meaning clearly: a board is both (1) a committee of persons organized under authority of law to exercise certain authorities or oversight, and (2) lodging and food furnished to a guest at an inn. The entry links the governance meaning to its functional context — oversight, control, magisterial or fiduciary character — without elaborating on internal structure or fiduciary duty, which is consistent with the state of corporate law at the time of publication. Anderson's Dictionary of Law leads with the physical-object and sustenance meanings before moving to governance, which reflects the chronological order in which the meanings developed. Anderson's is particularly useful for the boarder/guest distinction in innkeeper law: it specifies that a person arriving under a special contract to board is not a guest in the legal sense, and that the presumption shifts depending on whether the host is an innkeeper. This distinction has practical consequence in historical tort and bailment research. The second edition of Black's did not yield a relevant entry for "board" in the excerpted source material — the passage provided covers an unrelated term ("blood"). Researchers using the second edition should verify the entry independently. Across all three sources, the governance meaning receives relatively thin treatment compared to what modern law requires. None of the historical dictionaries addresses fiduciary duty, the business judgment rule, committee structure, or administrative review standards — all now central to board-related legal questions. Historical sources are useful for foundational definitions and the sustenance/innkeeper context; modern secondary sources must supply the rest. ---
Jurisdictional Note
Corporate board duties are largely governed by state law, with Delaware doctrine disproportionately influential. Governmental board procedures — open meetings, quorum requirements, notice — are state-statutory and vary significantly. Federal administrative boards (BIA, MSPB, and others) operate under federal administrative law and APA standards for judicial review. ---
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
Board of Directors (Law Mind Business Organizations & Corporate Law Encyclopedia) — covers corporate governance, fiduciary duties, committee structure, and the business judgment rule. Discharge Review Boards and Boards for Correction of Military Records (Law Mind Military, Veterans & Admiralty Law Encyclopedia) — covers adjudicatory boards in the military context, including standards of review and the administrative record. Immigration Court and the Board of Immigration Appeals (Law Mind Administrative Law & Government Encyclopedia) — covers the BIA's structure, jurisdiction, and the role of its decisions in immigration proceedings. ---
Related Terms
Board of Directors — Board of Trustees — Board of Appeals — Committee — Commission — Agency — Quorum — Fiduciary Duty — Business Judgment Rule — Administrative Record — Boarder — Guest (Innkeeper Law) — Open Meetings Law — Delegated Authority — Quasi-Judicial Body
BOARDmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
A committee of persons organ- ized under authority of law in order to exer- cise certain authorities, have oversight or control of certain matters, or discharge cer- tain functions of a magisterial, representa- tive, or fiduciary character. Thus, "board of aldermen," "board of health,' ""board of directors," "board of works." Also lodging, food, entertainment, fur- nished to a guest at an inn or boarding- house.
BOARDmain
Black's Law Dictionary (2nd Ed.) • 1910
common ancestor. One person is “of the blood” of another when they are related by lineal descent or collateral kinship. Miller v. Speer, 38 N. J. Eq. 572; Delaplaine v. Jones, 8 N. J. Law, 346; Lelgh v. Leigh, 15 Ves. 108; Cummings v. Cummings, 146 Mass. 501, 16 N. E. 401; Swasey v. Jaques, 144 Mass, 135, 10 N. E. 758, 59 Am. Rep. 65. —Half-blood. A term denoting the degree of relationship which exists between those who have the same father or the same mother, but not both parents in common— blood. A person is ‘“‘of mixed blood’? who is descended from ancestors of different races or nationalities; but particularly, in the United States, the term denotes a person one of whose parents (or more remote ancestors) was a negro. See Hopkins v. Bowers, 111 N. C. 175, 16 S. E. 1— Whole blood. Kinship by descent from the same father and mother; as distinguished from half blood, which is the relationship of those who have one parent in common, but not both. A committee of persons organized under authority of law in order to exercise certain authorities, have oversight or control of certain matters, or discharge certain functions of a magisterial, representative, or fiduclary character. Thus, “board of aldermen.” “board of health,” “board of directors,” “board of works.” ‘Also lodging, food, entertainment, furnished to a guest at an inn or boardinghouse. —Board of aldermen. of a municipal corporation. Oliver v. Jersey City, 63 N. J. Law, 96, 42 Atl. 782. See ALDERMEN.—Board of audit. <A tribunal provided by statute in some states, to adjust and settle the accounts of municipal corporations. Osterhoudt v. Rigney, 98 N. Y. 222.—Board of civil authority. In Vermont, in the case of a city this term includes the mayor and alderinen and justices residing therein; in the case of a town, the selectmen and town clerk and the justices residing therein; in the case of a village, the trustees or bailiffs and the justices residing therein. Vt. St. 1894, 19, 59.—Board of directors. The governing body of a private corporation, generally selected from among the stockholders and constituting in effect a committee of their number or board of trustees for their interests. —Board of equalization. EQUALIZATION.—Board of fire underwriters. As these exist in many cities, they are unincorporated voluntary associations composed exclusively of persons engaged in the business of fire insurance, having for their object consolidation and co-operation in matters affecting the business, such as the writing of uniform policies and the maintenance of uniform rates. Childs v. Insurance Co., 66 Minn. 393, 69 N. W. 141. 35 L. R. A. 99.—Board of health. A board or commission created by the sovereign authority or by municipalities, invested with certain powers and charged with certain duties in relation to the preservation and improvement of the public health. General boards of health are usually charged with general and advisory duties, with the collection of vital statistics, the investigation of sanitary conditions, and the methods of dealing with epidemic and other diseases, the quarantine laws, etc. Such are the national board of health, created by act of congress of March 3, 1879, (20 St. at Large, 484,) and the state boards of health created by the legislatures of most of the states. Local boards of health are charged with more direct and immediate means of securing the public health, and exercise inquisitorial and executive powers in relation to sanitary regulations, offensive nuisances, markets, adulteration of food, slaughterhouses, drains and sewers, and similar subjects. Such boards are constituted in most American cities either by general law, by their charters, or by municipal ordinance, and in England by the statutes, 11 & 12 Vict. ce. 63, and 21 & 30 Vict. c. 98, and other acts amending the same. See Gaines v. Waters, 64 Ark. 609, 44 S. W. 353.—Board of pardons. A board created by law in some states, whose function is to investigate all applications for executive clemency and to make reports and recommendations thereon to the governor.—Board of sup ors. Under the system obtaining in some of the northern states, this name is given to an organized committee, or body of officials, composed of delegates from the several townships in a county, constituting part of the county government, and having special charge of the revenues of the county —Board of trade. An organization of the principal merchants, manufacturers, tradesmen, etc., of a city, for the purpose of furthering its commercial interests. encouraging the establishment of manufactures, romoting trade, securing or improving shipping facilities, and generally advancing the prosperity of the place as an industrial and commercial community. In England, one of the administrative departments of government, being a comThe governing body mittee of the privy council which is appointed, tor the consideration of matters relating to trade and foreign plantations—Board of works. The name of a board of officers appointed for
BOARDmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
A table. 1. What is served on a table as food; supplies for sustenance. To board is to receive food as a lodger, or without lodgings, for compensation. Boarder. If a person comes upon a special contract to board, and to sojourn at an inn, in the sense of the law, he is not a guest, but a boarder.5 Where the host is only an innkeeper the presumption is that a temporary sojourner is a guest; but where he also carries on the business of keeping boarders, the question who is a guest and who a boarder is not so easily answered. The duration of the person's stay, the price paid, the extent of the accommodation afforded, the transient or permanent character of his residence or occupation, his knowledge or want of knowledge of any difference of accommodation afforded to or price paid by boarders and guests, are all to be considered. The keeper of a boarding-house receives only such persons as he chooses; an innkeeper must receive all who come, unless there exists a special reason for refusing entertainment. 1 Den v. Jones, 8 N. J. L. 346 (1826); 2 Bl. Com. 202,
BOARDn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc. A table to put food upon. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc. Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. Clarendon. We may judge from their letters to the board. Porteus. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession. The border or side of anything. (Naut.) The side of a ship. "Now board to board the rival vessels row." Dryden. See On board, below. The stretch which a ship makes in one tack.
BOARDv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To cover with boards or boarding; as, to board a house. "The boarded hovel." Cowper. To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way. You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication. Totten. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq. U. S.] To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals. To place at board, for compensation; as, to board one's horse at a livery stable.
BOARDv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; as, he boards at the hotel. We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who board in the same house. Spectator.
boardnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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A relatively long, wide and thin piece of any material, usually wood or similar, often for use in construction or furniture-making. | A device (e.g., switchboard) containing electrical switches and other controls and designed to control lights, sound, telephone connections, etc. | A flat surface with markings for playing a board game. | Short for blackboard, whiteboard, chessboard, surfboard, circuit board, message board (on the Internet), bulletin board, etc. | A committee that manages the business of an organization, e.g., a board of directors. | Regular meals in a place of lodging; the price paid for them. | The side of a ship. | The distance a sailing vessel runs between tacks when working to windward. | The wall that surrounds an ice hockey rink. | A long, narrow table, like that used in a medieval dining hall. | Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard. | A level or stage having a particular two-dimensional layout. | The portion of the playing field where creatures or minions can be placed (or played, summoned, etc.). | A container for holding pre-dealt cards that is used to allow multiple sets of players to play the same cards. | A Philippine provincial or Uruguayan departmental assembly or council.
boardverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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To step or climb onto or otherwise enter a ship, aircraft, train or other conveyance. | To provide someone with meals and lodging, usually in exchange for money. | To receive meals and lodging in exchange for money. | To (at least attempt to) capture an enemy ship by going alongside and grappling her, then invading her with a boarding party. | To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation | To approach (someone); to make advances to, accost. | To cover with boards or boarding. | To hit (someone) with a wooden board. | To write something on a board, especially a blackboard or whiteboard.
boardnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
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A rebound.

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