BED

10 definitions found across Law Mind sources

BEDAuthored
The Law Mind • 1119 words
Definition
"Bed" carries two distinct legal meanings: 1. **Riverbed / watercourse channel.** The bed of a river or stream is the soil and channel ordinarily covered by flowing water — distinguished from the banks by the character of soil, vegetation, or both, produced by the common presence and action of moving water. It is the depression worn between the banks by the regular and usual flow, not by exceptional floods or dry-season recession. 2. **Marital bed / cohabitation right.** In the law of domestic relations, "bed" refers to the right of conjugal cohabitation — the physical and intimate dimension of the marital relationship. It appears almost exclusively in the compound phrase "bed and board," which is the English translation of the Latin *mensa et thoro*, used in the law of divorce and legal separation. ---
Common Language
**Modern common usage (Wiktionary):** A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep; one's place of sleep or rest. **Historical common usage (Webster's 1913):** An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in or on; a couch or mattress; in a general sense, any place used for sleeping or reclining. The gap between common and legal meaning is significant in both directions. In watercourse law, "bed" refers to a geographic and hydrological feature — a channel defined by soil composition and the action of water — with no connection to furniture or rest. In domestic relations law, "bed" is a compressed legal term for conjugal rights and the physical dimension of marriage. Neither legal sense would be apparent to a reader encountering the word in ordinary English. ---
Common Confusion
**Bed vs. bank.** In watercourse law, "bed" and "bank" are legally distinct and the distinction controls ownership and riparian rights. The bed is the soil covered by the ordinary flow of the stream; the bank is the rising ground bordering that channel. Where the bed ends and the bank begins is a factual determination that courts have frequently contested, particularly in disputes over title to submerged land or the right to extract minerals and gravel. **Bed and board vs. absolute divorce.** A divorce *a mensa et thoro* (from bed and board) is a legal separation — it suspends cohabitation obligations but does not dissolve the marriage. An absolute divorce (*a vinculo matrimonii*) severs the marriage itself. Historical sources use "bed" in ways that assume familiarity with this distinction; researchers who miss it will misread the nature of the relief granted. ---
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES **Bed of a navigable river.** Ownership of the bed of a navigable waterway is governed by distinct rules from non-navigable streams. In the United States, the bed of a navigable river is generally held by the state in trust for the public; the bed of a non-navigable stream may be owned by the riparian landowner to the thread of the stream (the *filum aquae*). **Bed and board (mensa et thoro).** The legally operative form in domestic relations law. See DIVORCE A MENSA ET THORO. ---
Why It Matters in Research
**Watercourse context.** Disputes over riverbed ownership appear throughout property, water rights, and natural resources law. The definition anchors on the *ordinary* or *regular* flow of water — not flood stage, not drought conditions. Researchers should watch for cases that test this boundary at the margins: gradual accretion, avulsion, shifting channels, and the effects of artificial diversions all complicate the straightforward definition. State law governs ownership of riverbeds, and the rules for navigable versus non-navigable streams diverge sharply; the historical dictionaries do not always flag this split clearly. **Domestic relations context.** The phrase "bed and board" is a terminus technicus of divorce law and will appear throughout chancery and ecclesiastical court records, 19th-century treatises, and early American statutory materials. Because absolute divorce was unavailable or severely restricted in many early American jurisdictions (and across most of English history), separations "from bed and board" were the practical remedy and appear frequently in the corpus. Researchers must not read these as full divorces — parties remained legally married, and property and inheritance consequences followed accordingly. **Corpus navigation.** Because "bed" is a common English word, full-text searches will generate enormous noise. Researchers should pair it with qualifying terms: "bed of the river," "bed and board," "channel," "mensa et thoro," or specific watercourse terms. In historical materials, the riverbed sense typically appears in riparian rights, boundary disputes, and grants of land adjoining water. ---
Historical Dictionary Support
All five source dictionaries recognize the riverbed definition, and all converge on the same formulation — closely tracking the language of Justice Curtis's opinion, quoted across Black's (1st and 2nd editions) and Burrill's: the bed is "that soil so usually covered by water as to be distinguishable from the banks by the character of the soil, or vegetation, or both, produced by the common presence and action of flowing water." This is one of the more stable definitions in the historical legal lexicon, with no meaningful divergence across sources. Anderson's is the only source to give primary placement to the marital/cohabitation meaning, treating it as the first definition before the riverbed sense. This reflects a different editorial judgment about which meaning was more legally operative; the other dictionaries either mention it briefly (Bouvier) or omit it (Burrill, Black's). Bouvier notes explicitly that the domestic relations use is "synonymous with its popular use" — a rare case where the historical lexicographers flag the common-to-legal relationship directly. Burrill includes "bed" within a longer entry that also addresses beasts of the forest, suggesting the headword was used as an organizational anchor for several short entries in the original source — researchers using Burrill should be aware of this collation practice. None of the historical dictionaries address the navigability distinction or state-law variations in riverbed ownership, which are essential to modern watercourse research. ---
Jurisdictional Note
Ownership of a riverbed in the United States depends on whether the waterway was navigable at the time of statehood. Beds of navigable waterways generally vest in the state upon admission to the Union under the equal footing doctrine; beds of non-navigable streams are typically owned by adjacent landowners. The definition of "navigable" for title purposes differs from the definition used for commerce clause or admiralty purposes, creating a further research trap. ---
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
See: *Riparian Rights* | *Divorce and Legal Separation* | *Watercourses and Water Rights* ---
Related Terms
BANK (watercourse) | RIPARIAN RIGHTS | FILUM AQUAE | ACCRETION | AVULSION | NAVIGABLE WATER | DIVORCE A MENSA ET THORO | DIVORCE A VINCULO MATRIMONII | BED AND BOARD | MENSA ET THORO | COHABITATION | CHANNEL
BEDmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
The hollow or channel of a water- course; the depression between the banks worn by the regular and usual flow of the water. "The bed is that soil so usually covered by water as to be distinguishable from the banks by the character of the soil, or vegeta- tion, or both, produced by the common pres- ence and action of flowing water." Curtis, J., 13 How. 426. The term also occurs in the phrase "divorce from bed and board," a mensa et thoro; where it seems to indicate the right of co- habitation or marital intercourse.
BEDmain
Bouvier's Law Dictionary • 1928
The channel of a stream; the part between the banks worn by the regu- lar flow of the water. See 18 How. 426. The phrase divorce from bed and board, contains a legal use of the word synony- mous with its popular use. BED-ALE, or BID-ALE. See BIDALE.
BEDmain
Burrill's Law Dictionary • 1867
(195) Legally, the term includes all wild beasts of venery. Id. ibid. The channel of a stream, as distinguished from its banks.* "The bed is that soil so usually covered by water, as to be distinguishable from the banks by the character of the soil, or vegetation, or both, produced by the common presence and action of flowing water." Curtis, J. 13 Howard's R. 426. BEDEL, Bedell, Beadle. [L. Lat. bedellus, Sax. bydel, from bydde, [or beodan,] to bid, publish or declare; or, according to Spelman, to ask, beg, pray.] In English law. A crier, (præco,) messenger, summoner, apparitor, bailiff, underbailiff. Spelman. Blount. Co. Litt. 234 b. A crier or messenger of a court, who cites parties to appear, and answer therein. Cowell. Termes de la Ley. An officer of the forest, similar to a sheriff's special bailiff. Manwood. Cowell, Blount. A collector of rents for the king. Plowd. 199, 200. A well known parish officer. See Beadle.
BEDn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in or on; a couch. Specifically: A sack or mattress, filled with some soft material, in distinction from the bedstead on which it is placed (as, a feather bed), or this with the bedclothes added. In a general sense, any thing or place used for sleeping or reclining on or in, as a quantity of hay, straw, leaves, or twigs. And made for him [a horse] a leafy bed. Byron. I wash, wring, brew, bake, . . . make the beds. Shak. In bed he slept not for my urging it. Shak. A plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little raised above the adjoining ground. "Beds of hyacinth and roses." Milton. A mass or heap of anything arranged like a bed; as, a bed of ashes or coals. The bottom of a watercourse, or of any body of water; as, the bed of a river. So sinks the daystar in the ocean bed. Milton. A layer or seam, or a horizontal stratum between layers; as, a bed of coal, iron, etc. See Gun carriage, and Mortar bed. The horizontal surface of a building stone; as, the upper and lower beds. A course of stone or brick in a wall. The place or material in which a block or brick is laid. The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile. Knight. The foundation or the more solid and fixed part or framing of a machine; or a part on which something is laid or supported; as, the bed of an engine. The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a railroad. The flat part of the press, on which the form is laid.
BEDv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To place in a bed. [Obs.] Bacon. To make partaker of one's bed; to cohabit with. I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never bed her. Shak. To furnish with a bed or bedding. To plant or arrange in beds; to set, or cover, as in a bed of soft earth; as, to bed the roots of a plant in mold. To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of rest and security, surrounded or inclosed; to embed; to furnish with or place upon a bed or foundation; as, to bed a stone; it was bedded on a rock. Among all chains or clusters of mountains where large bodies of still water are bedded. Wordsworth. To dress or prepare the surface of stone) so as to serve as a bed. To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a horizontal or recumbent position. "Bedded hair." Shak.
BEDv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To go to bed; to cohabit. If he be married, and bed with his wife. Wiseman.
bednoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | A prepared spot in which to spend the night. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | One's place of sleep or rest. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | Sleep; rest; getting to sleep. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | The time for going to sleep or resting in bed; bedtime. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | Time spent in a bed. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | Marriage. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | Sexual activity. | A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | Clipping of bedroom. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | The bottom of a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | An area where a large number of oysters, mussels, other sessile shellfish, or a large amount of seaweed is found. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | A garden plot. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | A foundation or supporting surface formed of a fluid. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a railroad. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | The platform of a truck, trailer, wagon, railcar, or other vehicle that supports the load to be hauled. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | A shaped piece of timber to hold a cask clear of a ship’s floor; a pallet. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | The flat part of the press, on which the form is laid. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | The flat surface of a scanner on which a document is placed to be scanned. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | A piece of music, normally instrumental, over which a radio DJ talks. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | Any of the sections of a dartboard with a point value, delimited by a wire. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid. | The taut surface of a trampoline. | A horizontal layer or surface. | A deposit of ore, coal, etc. | A horizontal layer or surface. | The smallest division of a geologic formation or stratigraphic rock series marked by well-defined divisional planes (bedding planes) separating it from layers above and below. | A horizontal layer or surface. | The horizontal surface of a building stone. | A horizontal layer or surface. | The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile. | A horizontal layer or surface. | A course of stone or brick in a wall.
bedverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
Senses relating to a bed as a place for resting or sleeping. | To go to bed; to put oneself to sleep. | Senses relating to a bed as a place for resting or sleeping. | To place in a bed. | Senses relating to a bed as a place for resting or sleeping. | To furnish with a bed or bedding. | Senses relating to a bed as a place for resting or sleeping. | To have sex (with). | Senses relating to a bed as a place for resting or sleeping. | Of large game animals: to be at rest. | Senses relating to a bed as a place or layer on which something else rests or is laid. | To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of rest and security, surrounded or enclosed; to embed. | Senses relating to a bed as a place or layer on which something else rests or is laid. | To set in a soft matrix, as paving stones in sand, or tiles in cement. | Senses relating to a bed as a place or layer on which something else rests or is laid. | To set out (plants) in a garden bed. | Senses relating to a bed as a place or layer on which something else rests or is laid. | To dress or prepare the surface of (stone) so it can serve as a bed. | Senses relating to a bed as a place or layer on which something else rests or is laid. | To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a horizontal or recumbent position. | Senses relating to a bed as a place or layer on which something else rests or is laid. | To settle, as machinery.
BEDnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
Alternative form of B.Ed. (Bachelor of Education). | Initialism of banana equivalent dose. | Initialism of binge eating disorder.

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