BEAT

9 definitions found across Law Mind sources

BEATAuthored
The Law Mind • 760 words
Definition
In law, to beat means to commit a battery — that is, to make any unlawful physical contact with another person. The legal definition is significantly broader than its common usage. It is not limited to striking hard or causing visible injury. Any unlawful touching of another person, however slight, satisfies the legal meaning when done with hostility or without consent. The term appears most often in older pleading and charging language ("did beat, wound, and ill-treat") and in the foundational description of the tort and crime of battery. In that context, "beat" functions as a term of art encompassing the full spectrum of unauthorized contact, from a forceful blow to the lightest offensive touch.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): A stroke or blow; also used broadly for rhythm, pulsation, or throb. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon. Also, to punish by blows; to thrash. The gap between common and legal meaning is significant. Ordinary usage implies repeated or forceful striking — something vigorous enough to register as a beating. The legal meaning requires neither repetition nor force. A single, light, unwanted touch made in anger is legally sufficient to constitute a "beat" in the battery sense. Researchers reading criminal indictments or pleadings should not interpret the word to imply severity of physical harm.
Common Confusion
BEAT vs. BATTERY: In legal sources, "beat" is not a freestanding cause of action or charge. It is descriptive language pointing to battery. Historical pleading formulas often strung together "beat, wound, and ill-treat" as boilerplate, which can mislead readers into treating them as distinct acts. They are not. All three describe battery, and the formula's purpose was thoroughness of allegation, not enumeration of separate wrongs. BEAT vs. ASSAULT: Assault, in traditional common-law doctrine, requires no physical contact — it is the apprehension of imminent battery. "Beat" always implies completed physical contact. The two terms describe adjacent but distinct legal events.
Why It Matters in Research
The term appears almost exclusively in historical legal materials. Modern statutes, civil pleadings, and judicial opinions rarely use "beat" as a term of art; they use "battery," "physical contact," or "strike." Researchers encountering "beat" in nineteenth- or early twentieth-century criminal indictments, tort pleadings, or common-law treatises should recognize it as functional synonym for battery and trace analysis to battery doctrine rather than treating it as a separate concept requiring its own doctrinal framework. The boilerplate phrase "beat, wound, and ill-treat" (or variants) is widespread in historical pleading records. Its presence does not indicate that all three acts occurred or were separately alleged — it reflects standard pleading practice of the era, designed to capture any possible form of battery within a single count. Over-reading this formula is a common research error. Because "beat" in law encompasses the lightest offensive touch, historical cases using the term may involve fact patterns that modern readers would not instinctively categorize as a "beating." Cross-referencing battery doctrine is essential to understanding the threshold actually applied.
Historical Dictionary Support
Black's Law Dictionary and Anderson's Dictionary of Law are in close agreement. Both define "beat" by immediate reference to battery and emphasize that the term includes "any unlawful imposition of the hand or arm" — language that both sources share almost verbatim, suggesting a common doctrinal source. Black's adds the clarifying point that "the slightest touching of another in anger is a battery," which is the classical common-law formulation traceable to Blackstone and the early English cases. Neither historical dictionary treats "beat" as a term with independent legal content apart from battery. Both entries function as cross-references to battery doctrine rather than as standalone definitions. This confirms that researchers should not expect to find a body of law organized around "beat" as its own doctrine — the substance lives under battery. What historical dictionaries do not address: the pleading function of the term and its role in the standard boilerplate formula. That gap is significant for archival and historical research, where the word appears most frequently.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
See Law Mind Encyclopedia: Battery (Tort); Battery (Criminal Law); Common Law Pleading
Related Terms
Battery — the doctrine to which "beat" refers Assault — the adjacent offense; does not require physical contact Ill-treat — paired with "beat" in historical pleading formulas Wound — second member of the standard "beatwoundand ill-treat" formula Unlawful touching — modern descriptive equivalent Offensive contact — element of battery in modern tort doctrine Trespass to the person — the broader common-law category encompassing battery
BEATmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
To beat, in a legal sense, is not merely to whip, wound, or hurt, but includes any unlawful imposition of the hand or arm. The slightest touching of another in anger is a battery. 60 Ga. 511. BEAU-PLEADER, (to plead fairly.) In English law. An obsolete writ upon the statute of Marlbridge, (52 Hen. III. c. 11,) shaw. D E F H J }
BEATmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
In law, not merely to whip, wound, or hurt; includes any unlawful imposition of the hand or arm.2 To commit a battery, q. v.
BEATv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum. Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small. Ex. xxx. 36. They did beat the gold into thin plates. Ex. xxxix. 3. To punish by blows; to thrash. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of rousing game. To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey. Prior. To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind. A frozen continent . . . beat with perpetual storms. Milton. To tread, as a path. Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way. Blackmore. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass. He beat them in a bloody battle. Prescott. For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that. M. Arnold. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; -- often with out. [Colloq.] To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. Why should any one . . . beat his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic Locke. To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the general, the reveille, the tattoo. See Alarm, Charge, Parley, etc. To beat down, to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down. [Colloq.] -- To beat into, to teach or instill, by repetition. -- To beat off, to repel or drive back. -- To beat out, to extend by hammering. -- To beat out of a thing, to cause to relinquish it, or give it up. "Nor can anything beat their posterity out of it to this day." South. -- To beat the dust. (Man.) (a) To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse. (b) To perform curvets too precipitately or too low. -- To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot. -- To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation. -- To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot. -- To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters.
BEATv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or loudly. The men of the city . . . beat at the door. Judges. xix. 22. To move with pulsation or throbbing. A thousand hearts beat happily. Byron. To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to strike anything, as, rain, wind, and waves do. Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below. Dryden. They [winds] beat at the crazy casement. Longfellow. The sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in himself to die. Jonah iv. 8. Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon ministers. Bacon. To be in agitation or doubt. [Poetic] To still my beating mind. Shak . To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse. To make a sound when struck; as, the drums beat. To make a succession of strokes on a drum; as, the drummers beat to call soldiers to their quarters. To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison. A beating wind (Naut.), a wind which necessitates tacking in order to make progress. -- To beat about, to try to find; to search by various means or ways. Addison. -- To beat about the bush, to approach a subject circuitously. -- To beat up and down (Hunting), to run first one way and then another; -- said of a stag. -- To beat up for recruits, to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise.
BEATn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
A stroke; a blow. He, with a careless beat, Struck out the mute creation at a heat. Dryden. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the pulse. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the beat is the unit. A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament. A sudden swelling or reënforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See Beat, v. i., 8. A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's beat. A place of habitual or frequent resort. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; -- often emphasized by dead; as, a dead beat. [Low] Beat of drum (Mil.), a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc. -- Beat of a watch, or clock, the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement. A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals.
beatnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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A stroke; a blow. | A pulsation or throb. | A pulse on the beat level, the metric level at which pulses are heard as the basic unit. Thus a beat is the basic time unit of a piece. | A rhythm. | A rhythm. | The rhythm signalled by a conductor or other musician to the members of a group of musicians. | The instrumental portion of a piece of hip-hop music. | The interference between two tones of almost equal frequency | A short pause in a play, screenplay, or teleplay, for dramatic or comedic effect. | An area of a person's responsibility, especially | The route patrolled by a police officer or a guard. | An area of a person's responsibility, especially | The primary focus of a reporter's stories (such as police/courts, education, city government, business etc.). | An act of reporting news or scientific results before a rival; a scoop. | That which beats, or surpasses, another or others. | A precinct. | A place of habitual or frequent resort. | A place of habitual or frequent resort. | An area frequented by gay men in search of sexual activity. See gay beat. | A low cheat or swindler. | The act of scouring, or ranging over, a tract of land to rouse or drive out game; also, those so engaged, collectively. | A smart tap on the adversary's blade. | A makeup look; compare beat one's face.
beatverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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simple past tense of beat | past participle of beat
beatverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
To hit; to strike. | To strike or pound repeatedly, usually in some sort of rhythm. | To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blows; to knock vigorously or loudly. | To move with pulsation or throbbing. | To win against; to defeat or overcome; to do or be better than (someone); to excel in a particular, competitive event. | To sail to windward using a series of alternate tacks across the wind. | To strike (water, foliage etc.) in order to drive out game; to travel through (a forest etc.) for hunting. | To mix food in a rapid fashion. Compare whip. | To persuade the seller to reduce a price. | To indicate by beating or drumming. | To tread, as a path. | To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. | To be in agitation or doubt. | To make a sound when struck. | To make a succession of strokes on a drum. | To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and lesser intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; said of instruments, tones, or vibrations not perfectly in unison. | To arrive at a place before someone. | To have sexual intercourse. | To rob; to cheat or scam.

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