ALLIANCE

9 definitions found across Law Mind sources

ALLIANCEAuthored
The Law Mind • 842 words
Definition
Alliance has two established legal meanings, one domestic and one international. 1. Family law. The relation formed between persons or families through intermarriage. Used historically to describe the legal and social bonds created by matrimonial union, with consequences for inheritance, kinship obligations, and the political alignment of noble or royal households. 2. International law. A formal union between two or more sovereign states or nations, created by compact, treaty, or league, for purposes of mutual defense, military cooperation, or the joint prosecution of war. The term refers both to the relationship itself and to the instrument — the league or treaty — by which that relationship is established. An alliance may be offensive (directed toward joint military action), defensive (triggered by attack on a member state), or a combination of both.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): To connect or unite by alliance; to ally — used broadly for any association or partnership between parties. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league. The common meaning is broad and informal — a business alliance, a political alliance, an alliance of convenience. The legal meaning is narrower in both directions: in family law, it carries specific consequences tied to the marriage relation; in international law, it implies a binding formal instrument with defined legal obligations between sovereigns. A researcher encountering "alliance" in a historical legal source should not assume the loose associational meaning the word carries in modern general usage.
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES Offensive alliance. A compact by which states agree to jointly initiate or prosecute war against a common enemy. Defensive alliance. A compact by which states agree to come to one another's aid when attacked, but which does not obligate joint offensive action. Matrimonial alliance. The union formed between families by marriage, with attendant legal consequences in inheritance and kinship.
Why It Matters in Research
The dual meaning of alliance — domestic and international — creates a threshold interpretive question every time the term appears in a historical legal source. Context usually resolves it, but researchers should not assume. In international law sources from the 17th through 19th centuries, alliance is a high-frequency term of art. Treaties and diplomatic correspondence use it with precision; the distinction between offensive and defensive alliance carried real legal consequences, including whether a neutral third state's obligations were triggered. Law of nations treatises — Vattel, Grotius, Wheaton — use alliance extensively, and researchers working in that corpus will encounter the term constantly. The family law meaning is largely archaic in modern American and English practice but appears regularly in older equity cases, inheritance disputes, and the law of descents. Historical sources discussing "alliance by affinity" (relationship through marriage rather than blood) require care — affinity and alliance overlap conceptually but are not identical. Rapalje & Lawrence's entry under this heading drifts into allegiance rather than alliance, suggesting a possible indexing or editorial error in that source. Researchers relying on Rapalje & Lawrence for this term should treat the entry with caution and cross-check against Burrill or Black's. The term has essentially no modern domestic legal usage. Contemporary international law and treaty practice favors more specific terminology (mutual defense treaty, collective security agreement, bilateral cooperation pact). Researchers working in modern sources will rarely encounter alliance as a term of art; it is predominantly a historical research term.
Historical Dictionary Support
The historical dictionaries converge on the same two-part structure: marriage-based alliance in the domestic sphere, treaty-based alliance in the international sphere. Burrill's is the most economical, defining alliance as simply "a binding together; union between two or more," then narrowing to the international law context. Black's (both editions) and Burrill's are substantively identical on the international law definition, tracking the standard law-of-nations formulation closely. The notable gap is that none of the historical dictionaries develop the offensive/defensive subtype distinction in any depth, despite that distinction being legally significant in 18th and 19th century international law practice. Researchers needing that granularity must go beyond the dictionary shelf to treatise sources. As noted above, the Rapalje & Lawrence entry is anomalous — it appears to cover allegiance rather than alliance, which limits its utility for this term.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
See Law Mind Encyclopedia: Treaties and International Agreements; Law of Nations; Marriage and Affinity.
Related Terms
Allegiance — distinct conceptthough historically and etymologically adjacent; see the Rapalje & Lawrence confusion noted above. Affinity — the kinship relation created by marriagerelated to matrimonial alliance. Treaty — the formal instrument creating an international alliance. Confederation — a related but structurally distinct form of union among states. League — often used synonymously with alliance in historical international law sources. Neutrality — the status most directly implicated by questions of alliance obligations. Compact — the generic term for binding agreement between sovereigns; parent concept to alliance.
ALLIANCEmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
The relation or union be- tween persons or families contracted by in- termarriage. E F G | In international law. A union or asso- ciation of two or more states or nations, formed by league or treaty, for the joint pros- ecution of a war, or for their mutual assist- ance and protection in repelling hostile at- J tacks. The league or treaty by which the association is formed. The act of confeder ating, by league or treaty, for the purposes mentioned. If the alliance is formed for the purpose of K mutual aid in the prosecution of a war against a common enemy, it is called an "offensive" alliance. If it contemplates only the rendi- tion of aid and protection in resisting the as- sault of a hostile power, it is called a "de- fensive" alliance. If it combines both these features, it is denominated an alliance "of- fensive and defensive."
ALLIANCEmain
Rapalje & Lawrence • 1888
LATIN: ad, to, ligare, to bind. dominions of alien parents may divest himself of this natural allegiance by making a declaration of alienage. (2) Acquired allegiance, that obtained by naturalization or denization. (Co. Litt. 129a; 7 Co. 5b; see the Naturalization Oaths Act, 1870.) (3) Local allegiance, that which is due from every alien only so long as he continues within the dominions of the English crown. (7 Co. 5b; 2 Bl. Com. 370.) (4) Legal allegiance, so called "because the municipal laws of this realm have prescribed the order and form of it" (7 Co. 5 b, 6b); it is created by the oath of allegiance, which has to be taken on various occasions-e. g. by the great officers of the crown on assuming office. (Promissory Oaths Acts, 1868 and 1871.) It does not seem to add anything to the duties of ordinary allegiance. To war against another nation; and offensive the class of legal allegiance may also be referred that due from the children and grandchildren born abroad of natural-born British subjects, of which, however, they may divest themselves by a declaration of alienage. (As to the oath of allegiance, see the Naturalization Act, 1870, and the Naturalization Oaths Act, 1870.) Allegiance is also used with the sense of locality, as where a person is said to be born within the allegiance of the crown, meaning within the British dominions. Litt. 198; Co. Litt. 129 b; Calvin's case, 7 Co. 2b. 12. Renouncing allegiance. -In early times the obligation of allegiance was regarded as perpetual and could not be renounced, except by express permission of the sovereign, but emigration and colonization have caused the relaxation of this rule, both in England and America, and now subjects of either country may renounce their allegiance and adopt another by naturalization. Eng. Naturalization Act, 1870; U. S. Rev. Stat. § 1999. See EXPATRIATION; NATURALIZATION. ALLEGIANCE, (defined). 16 Wall. (U.S.) 147; 1 Com. Dig. 566; 1 Wheel. Am. C. L. 312. (as applied to Indians). 20 Johns. (Ν. Υ.) 188. - L. 241-2. A union or connection of interests (1) between families, by marriage, in which sense "affinity" expresses the same idea, and (2) between States, by compact, treaty or league. In the latter sense, alliances are defensive where one State agrees to defend the other in case of an attack; offensive, where two or more States unite for the purpose of attacking or levying and defensive, where both defence and attack are contemplated.
ALLIANCEmain
Burrill's Law Dictionary • 1867
Fr. and Eng. [from Fr. allier, to tie or bind to.] A binding together; union between two or more. In international law. An union between two nations, or among several, contracted by compact, treaty or league. Webster.
ALLIANCEn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel. C. J. Smith. The alliance . . . between logic and metaphysics. Mansel. The persons or parties allied. Udall.
ALLIANCEv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.]
allianceverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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To connect or unite by alliance; to ally.
Alliancename
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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A former unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California, United States, now incorporated into the city of Arcata. | An unincorporated community in Madison County, Indiana, United States. | A city, the county seat of Box Butte County, Nebraska, United States. | A town in Pamlico County, North Carolina, United States. | A city situated mostly in Stark County, Ohio, United States. | A master planned community in Denton County and Tarrant County, Texas, United States. | A village in central Alberta, Canada. | A town in Suriname, on the banks of the Suriname River. | Ellipsis of Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. | The alliance in the 1980s between the SDP and the Liberal Party, precursor of the Liberal Democrats.
alliancenoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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The state of being allied. | The act of allying or uniting. | A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league. | A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league. | Marriage. | Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. | The persons or parties allied. | Synonym of cohort (“group of orders of organisms”).

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