One put in the place, turn, or stead of another, to manage his affairs; one who manages the affairs of another by direction of his principal. Spel- man, Gloss.; Termes de la Ley. One who acts for another by virtue of an appointment by the latter. Attorneys are of various kinds. Attorney in fact. A person to whom the authority of another, who is called the con- stituent, is by him lawfully delegated. This term is employed to designate persons who act under a special agency, or a special letter of at- torney, so that they are appointed in factum, for the deed, or special act to be performed; but in a more extended sense it includes all other agentsem- ployed in any business, or to do any act or acts in pais for another. Bacon, Abr. Attorney; Story, A225 All persons who are capable of acting for themselves, and even those who are dis- qualified from acting in their own capacity, if they have sufficient understanding, as infants of a proper age, and femes coverts, may act as attorneys of others; Co. Litt. 52 a: 1 Esp. 142; 2 id. 511. Attorney-at-law. An officer in a court of justice, who is employed by a party in a cause to manage the same for him. Appearance by an attorney has been allowed in England from the time of the earliest records of the courts of that country. They are mentioned in Glanville, Bracton, Fleta, and Britton; and a case terning upon the party's right to appear by attor- ney is reported: Y. B. 17 Edw. III. p. 8, case 28. In France such appearances were first allowed by let- ters patent of Philip le Bel, A. D. 1290; 1 Fournel, Hist des Avocats, 42, 98; 2 Loizel. Coutumes 14. It resuits from the nature of their functions, and of their duties, as well to the court as to the client, that no one can, even by consent, be the attorney of both the litigating parties in the same controversy; Farr. C. The name of attorney is given to those officers who practise in courts of common law; so- Bcitors, in courts of equity; and proctors, in courts of admiralty and in the English ecclesiastical courts. It is an encroachment upon the judiciary for the legislature to declare that a court shall admit attor brys in specified cases, such admissions being judi cial and not lezisintive questions; 123 Pa. 527. As a general rule the eligibility of persons to hold the position of attorney-at-law is settled by local legislation or by rule of court. It has been held that, excepting where permitted by special statute, women cannot act as attorneys-at-law in the vari- ous states; 55 Ill. 535; 16 Wall. 130; and the supreme court of the United States will not issue a mandamus to compel a state court to admit a woman to practise law before such court, upon the ground that she has been denied a privilege or immunity belonging to her as a citizen of the United States, in contravention of the constitution; 154 U. S. 116; but the general trend of authority now is that women may be admit- ted to practise as attorneys; 184 Ind. 665; 29 Atl. (N. H.) 559; 8 D. R. (Pa.) 399; but any woman of good standing at the bar of the supreme court of any state or territory or of the District of Columbia for three years, and of good moral character, may become a member of the bar of the supreme court of the U. S.; Act Feb. 15, 1879. In North Carolina, unnaturalized foreigners cannot be licensed as attorneys; 8 Hawks 855; Weeks, Att. at Law 79, note. The business of attorneys is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit; 1 Kent 307. See, as to their powers, 2 Supp. to Ves. Jr. 241, 254; 3 Chit. Bla. Com. 23, 838; Bacon, Abr. Attorney; 8 Pa. 74;8 Wils. 374; 16 S. & R. 368; 14 id. 307; 7 Cra. 452; 1 Pa. 264. In general, the agreement of an attorney-at-law, within the scope of his employment, binds his client; 1 Salk. 86; as, to amend the record, 1 Binn. 75; to refer a cause, 1 Dall. 164; 6 Binn. 101; 7 Cra. 436; 3 Taunt. 486; not to sue out a writ of error, 1 H. Bla. 21, 23; 2 Saund. 71 a, b; 1 Term 388; to strike off a non pros., 1 Binn. 469; to waive a judgment by default, 1 Archb. Pr. 26; or waive a jury trial; 99 N. C. 58. But the act must be within the scope of his authority. He cannot, for ex- ample, without special authority, purchase lands for the client at sheriff's sale; 2 S. & R. 21; 11 Johns. 464; or extend the time for payment of money to release a judg- ment in ejectment, entered by consent; 127 Pa. 71; or compromise a claim; 122 Pa. 1; 47 Mo. App. 1; or satisfy a judgment for less than is due; 66 Тех. 336. In the absence of fraud, the clientis con- cluded by the acts, and even by the omis- sions, of his attorney; 23 Tex. 109; 14 Minn. 333; 22 Cal. 200; Weeks, Att. at Law 375. In general, he hasall the powers exercised by the forms and usages of the court in which the suit is pending; Weeks, Att. at Law 374. The principal duties of an attorney are- to be true to the court and to his client; to manage the business of his client with care, skill, and integrity; 4 Burr. 2061; 1 B. & Ald. 202; 2 Wils. 325; 1 Bingh. 347; Mech