The contract is one recognized by the general law and usage of nations, and there- fore either native or alien may be insured. It was settled in England after much judi- cial discussion (and some temporary legis- lation) that the insurance of enemy's prop- erty is illegal: 4 East 396; 13 Ves. 64; see 3 Kent 254. The same rule was recognized by continental jurists; id. 255, note (6); Val. Com. ii. 32; and in this country; 16 Johns. 438, where the subject was exten- sively discussed, and it is said that "it may be considered the established law of this country;" 3 Kent 256. Such contracts, made before the outbreak of war, are an- nulled by it; Snow, Lect. Int. L. 101. It may also be in favor of A, or whom it may concern, but those general words will only apply to a person with an interest in the subject and who was in the contempla- tion of the contract; 2 Wash. C. C. 891; 98 U. S. 528; 6 Paige 483; 129 N. Y. 237; if such person has authorized or adopted it; 44 Ν. Η. 238. The intention of the insurer need not have fastened upon the very person, who seeks to take the benefit; an intention covers a person who takes such relation to the insurer as brings him within the clauses of the policy; 129 N. Y. 237. See 40 Me. 181; 5 Bosw. 369. The insurance "on advances" is distinct from the ship itself; 1 U. S. App. 183. As to who may be insurers in a marine policy there is no special rule. An insurance on a ship named makes the latter a part of the contract and no other can be substituted, but a cargo may be changed from one ship to another; 3 Kent 257; and the master may be changed; 12 Johns. 138. An insurance on the ship includes everything appurtenant to it; Boulay-Paty iii. 379; 1 Term 611, note. An insurance on goods need not name the ship, but may be " on any ship or ships; Emer. i. 173; 2 H. Bla. 343. Marine policies in England and this coun- try usually contain the words "lost or not lost," and in such case they cover losses already accrued as well as future ones; 27 N. J. L. 645. It is so without the words in other foreign countries; Roccus, de Ass. n. 51; 3 Kent 259; and it was said by Story, J., that "it would be so without reference to the words:" 2 Summ. 397. The most perfect good faith is required in this contract with respect to representa- tions, warranties, and concealment, as to all of which see the several titles. The insured is required both to pay the premium, and to represent fully and fairly all the circumstances relating to his sub- ject-matter of the insurance, which may influence the determination of the under- writers in undertaking the risk or estimat- ing the premium. A concealment of such facts amounts to a fraud, which avoids the contract; 1 Marsh. Ins. 464; Park. Ins.; 3 Kent 282-7 and notes. Where a policy covers a loss by perils of the sea or other perils, the insured may recover for a loss occasioned by the negli- gence of the master or crew or other per- sons employed by him; 11 Pet. 213; 2 Metc. 432; 14 How. 351; L. R. 4 C. P. 117; 117 U. S. 323. As to the perils insured against generally, see PERILS OF THE SEA; RISKS AND PERILS; and as to the different kinds of marine policies, see POLICY. If, before the termination of the ad- venture, the assured has parted with all interest in the subject-matter of the insur- ance, he cannot recover on any loss sub- sequent to his transfer of the property; 11 M. & W. 10; L. R. 7 Q. B. 802; and the insurer can take nothing by subrogation but the rights of the assured; 1 Pet. 193; 12 How. 466; 17 id. 152; 13 Wall. 367; 105 U. S. 680; 111 id. 584; 103 Mass. 219. See, generally, Arnould; Emerigon; Duer, Marine Ins.: Hine & Nichols. Dig.; 3 Kent, Lect. 48. See HULL AND MACHINERY. Mutual Insurance. See MUTUAL IN-