covering such property from actual peril or loss, as, in cases of shipwreck, derelict, or recapture.1 Salvor. A person who renders salvage service. "A person who, without any particular relation to a ship in distress, proffers useful service, and gives it as a voluntary adventurer, without any pre-existing covenant that connected him with the duty of employing himself for the preservation of that ship." 2 Elements of a valid claim are: a marine peril, voluntary service not owed to the property as a matter of duty, and success in saving the property, or some portion, from the impending peril; or, again: a marine peril, service voluntarily rendered when not required as an existing duty or from a special contract, and success in whole or in part, or service contributing thereto. Proof of success, to some extent, is as essential as proof of service. 1 Suit for salvage may be in rem, against the proporty saved or the proceeds thereof, or in personam, against the party at whose request and for whose benefit the service was performed. But both proceedings may not be had in one and the same libel.1 The allowance of a compensation, which much exceeds the risk encountered and the labor employed, is intended as an inducement to render the services which it is for the public interest and the general interest of humanity, to hold forth to those who navigate the ocean. Liberal remuneration is allowed to induce the daring to embark in such enterprises, and to withdraw motive to depredate upon the property. Seamen, pilots, and passengers, who perform extraordinary services out of their duty, are entitled to it; but not, one who places the property in danger.3 In determining the amount of the reward, courts of admiralty consider as the main ingredients: the labor expended; the promptitude, skill, and energy displayed; the value of the property employed in rendering the service, and the danger thereto; the risk incurred; the value of the property saved; and the degree of danger from which the property was rescued. The compensation is not viewed merely as pay, on the principle of quantum meruit, or as remuneration pro opere et labore, but as a reward for perilous services voluntarily rendered, and as inducement to embark in such undertakings. Compensation presupposes good faith, meritorious The Sabine, 101 U. S. 384-91 (1879), cases, Clifford, J. See also Cope v. Vallette Dry-Dock Co., 119 id. 629 (1887), cases; The Fannie Brown, 30 F. R. 220 (1887). 2 The Neptune, 1 Hagg. 236 (1824), Ld. Stowell. Approved, The Wave v. Hyer, 2 Paine, 139 (1833?); 1 Curtis, 378. The Clarita and The Clara, ante. The Blaireau, 2 Cranch, 265 (1804), Marshall, C. J. Approved, 31 F. R. 426. service, complete restoration, and incorruptible vigilance.¹ Saving a ship in port from imminent danger of destruction by fire is as much a salvage service as saving her from the perils of the seas. The shortness of the time occupied does not lessen the merit of the service. A passenger cannot recover for every service which would support a claim by one in nowise connected with the ship; yet, for extraordinary services, and the use of extraordinary means, not furnished by the equipment of the ship herself, by which she is saved from imminent danger, he may have salvage. The amount is largely a matter of fact and dis cretion, which cannot be reduced to precise rules but depends upon a consideration of the circumstances of each case.2 See ADMIRALTY; CONSORT, 2; DERELICT, 2; TOWAGE 2. In the law of insurance, see INSURANCE, Fire. In the law of sales, that which is taken out of a large quantity as a representative of the whole; a part shown as a specimen.8 The fair import of the exhibition of a sample is that the article to be sold is like that shown as a par1 The Island City, 1 Black, 130 (1861), Grier, J. The Connemara, 108 U. S. 357-59 (1883), cases, Gray, J.; The Tornado, 109 id. 115 (1883). See generally The Egypt, 17 F. R. 367-76 (1883), cases; 9 id. 53, 480; 10 id. 556; 1 Bened. 553, 10 id. 73-74; 1 Sumn. 216; 1 Bond, 117, 270; 2 id. 375; 1 Cliff. 220; 3 Woods, 149. 32 Kent, 555: Coke, Litt. 20 b, 385 b. • Carpo v. Brown, 40 Iowa, 493 (1875), Day, J. • United States v. Cashiel, 1 Hughes, 560 (1863). Brockway v. Rowley, 66 111. 99 (1872). O. F. ensample, a corruption of example, exemple: The Blackwall, 10 Wall. 14, 12 (1869), cases, Clifford, L. exemplum: ex-imere (emere), to take out, select. J.; The Sabine, supra. • Webber's Case, 33 Gratt. 904 (1880), Staples, J.