As a noun, and taken In an abstract sense, the term means justice, ethical eorrectness, or consonance with the rules of law or the principles of morals. In this sig- nification. it answers to one meaning of the Latin “jus,” and serves.to indicate law in the abstract, considered as the foundation of all rights, or the complex of underlying moral principles which impart the character of justice to all positive law, or give it an ethical content. . AS a noun, and taken in a conorete sense, a right signifies a power, privilege, faculty, or demand, inherent in one person and inclident upon another, “Rights” are defined generally as “powers of free action.” And the primal rights pertaining to men are undoubtedly enjoyed by human beings purely as such, being grounded in personality, and existing antecedently to their recognition by positive law. But leaving the abstract moral sphere, and giving to the term a juristic content, a “right” is well defined as ‘‘a capacity residing in one man of controlling, with the assent and assistance of the state, the actions of others.” Holl. Jur. 69. - The noun substantive “a right” signifies that. which jurists denominate a “faculty;” that which resides in a determinate person, by virtue of a given law, and wae avails against a person (or answers to a duty lying on a person) other than the person in whom it resides. And the noun substantive “rights” is the plural of the noun substantive “a right.” But the expression “right,” when it is used as an adjective, is equivalent to the adjective “just,” as the adverb “rightly” is equivalent to the adverb “justly.” And, when used as the abstract name corresponding to the adjective “right,” the noun substantive “right” is synonymous with the noun substantive “justice.” Aust. Jur. § 264, note. In a narrower. signification, the word denotes an interest or title in an object of property; a just and legal claim to hold, use, or enjoy it, or to convey or donate it, as he may please. See Co. Litt. d45a. The term “right,” in civil ‘society, is definea to mean that which a man is entitled to have, or to’do, or to receive from others within the limits prescribed by law. Atchison & N. R. Co. v. Baty, 6 Neb. 40, 29 Am. Rep. 306. - Phat-which one person ought to have or receive from another, it being withheld from him, or not in his possession. In this sense, “right” has the foree of “cldim,” and is properly expressed by the Latin “jus.” Lord Coke considers this to be the proper signification’ of the word, especially in writs and pleadings, where an estate is turned to a right; as by discontinuance, disseisin, ete. Co. Litt. Classification. Rights may be described as perfect or imperfect, according as their action or scope is clear, settled, and determinate, or is vague and unfixed. ! Rights are either in personam or in rom. A right in personam is one which imposes an obligation on a definite person. A right in rem ts one which imposes an obligation on persons generally; 4. ¢., either on all the world or on all the world except certain de terminate persons. ‘Thus, if I'am entitled to: exa'sde all persons from a given piece of land, I have a right in rem in respect of that: . RIGHT . land; and, if there are one or more persons, A., B., and C., whom ] am not entitled to exclude from it, my right is still a right én rem. Sweet. Rights may also be described as elther primary or secondary. Primary rights are those which can be created without reference to rights already existing. Secondary rights ean only arise for the purpose of protecting or enforcing primary rights. They are either preventive (protective) or remedial (reparative.) Sweet. - Preventive or protective secondary rights exist in order to prevent the infringement or loss of primary rights. They are judicial when they require the assistance of a court of law for their enforcement, and extrajudieial when they are capable of being exercised by the party himself. Remedial or reparetive secondery rights are also either judicial or extrajudicial. They may further be divided into (1) rights of restitution or restoration, which entitle the person injured to be replaced in his original position; (2) rights of enforcement, which entitle the person injared to the performance of an act by the person bound; and (3) rights of satisfaction or compensation. Id. ‘ With respect to the ownership of external objects of property, rights may be classed as absolute and qualified. An absolute right gives to the person in whom it inheres the uncontrolled dominion over the object at all times and for all purposes. <A qualified right gives the possessor a right to the object for certain purposes or under certain circumstances only. Such is the right of a bailee to recover the article bailed when it has been unlawfully taken from him by a stranger. Rights are: also either icgal or equitabic. The former is the case where the person seeking to enforce the right for his own benefit has the legal title and a remedy at law. The latter are such as are enforceable only in equity; as, at the suit of cestui que trust. -In constitutional law. There is also a classification of rights, with res society; or they are those which are plainly assured by natural law (Borden v. State, 11 Ark. 519, 44 Am. Dec. 217); or those which, by fatr deduction from the present physical, moral, social, and religious characteristics of man, he must be invested with, and which he ought to have realized for him in a jural society, in order to fulfill the ends to which his nature calls him. 1 Woolsey, Polit. Sctence, p. 26. Such are the rights of life, liberty, privacy, and good reputation. See ‘Black, Const. Law (8d Ed.) 523. Civil rights are such as belong to every citizen of the state or country, or, in a wider seuse, to all its inhabitants, and are not connected with the organization or administration of government. They include the rights of property, marriage, protection by the laws, freedom of contract, trial by jury, etc. See Winnett v. Adams, 71 Neb. 817, 99 N. W. 681. Or, as otherwise defined, civil rights are rights appertaining to a person in virtue of his citizenship in a state or community. Rights capable of being enforced or redressed in a civil action. Also a term applied to certain rights secured to citizens of the United States by the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments to the constitution, and by various acts of congress made in pursuance thereof. Iowa v. Railroad Co, (C. C.) 37 Fed. 493, 8 L. R. A.°654; State v. Powers, 51 N. J. Law, 432, 17 Atl 969; Bowles v. Habermann, 95 N. ¥. 247; People v. Washington, 36 Cal. 658; Fletcher v. Tuttle, 151 Hil. 41, 37 N. EB. 683, 25 L. R. A. 143, 42 Am. St. Rep. 220; Hronek ‘y. People, 134 Ill. 139, 24 N. HB. 861, 8 L. R. A. 837, 23 Am. St. Rep. 652. Political rights consist in the power to participate, directly or indirectly, in the establishment or administration of government, such as the right of citizenship, that of suffrage, the right to hold public office, and the right of petition. See Black Const. Law (8d Ed.) 524; Winnett v. Adams, 71 Neb. S17, 99 N. W. 681. ' Personal rights is a term of rather vague import, but generally it may be said td mean the right of personal security, comprising those of life, limb, body, health, reputation, and the right of personal liberty. As an adjective, the term “rigbt” means Just, morally correct, consonant with ethical principles or rules of positive law. It is the opposite of wrong, unjust, illegal. ' “Right” Js used in law, as well as in ethics, as opposed to “wrong.” Thus, a person may acquire a title by wrong. In old English law. The term denoted an accusation .or charge of crime. BttaD ‘Nat. Brev. 66 F. See, also, Droir; Jus; REcuHr. Other compound and descriptive terms. In.Scotch law, a. subordinate ’ right; the right of a subvassal in the lands held by him. Bell.—Bill of rights. See ‘Brry, 6.—Common right. See CommMon.— Declaration of rights. See Bill of Righte, ‘created by law and depend upon civilized * TAL.—Mere right. In t