RENOVANT

3 definitions found across Law Mind sources

RENOVANTAuthored
The Law Mind • 537 words
Definition
An archaic legal term meaning "renewing" or "one who renews." In historical legal usage, renovant appears as a participial or nominal form describing the act of renewal — typically in the context of renewing a lease, obligation, or tenure. Its appearance in legal texts is rare and formulaic, functioning more as descriptive Latin-derived vocabulary than as a term of art with independent doctrinal weight.
Common Confusion
Renovant should not be confused with renovation in the property law sense (physical improvement or alteration of premises), which carries distinct implications for landlord-tenant law, lease covenants, and insurance. The historical legal sense of renovant concerns renewal of legal relations — extending or restoring a tenure or obligation — not physical improvement of a structure. The visual and phonetic similarity between the two words is a genuine trap in reading historical instruments.
Why It Matters in Research
Renovant is a ghost-word hazard in historical legal research. It surfaces in early English legal writing primarily as a gloss or passing reference — Rapalje & Lawrence do nothing more than define it as "renewing" and cite Cowell, and Bouvier follows the same thin path. Researchers encountering it in historical documents, conveyances, or lease instruments should treat it as a participial descriptor rather than a term carrying distinct legal consequences. The more important research signal is the term's proximity in historical dictionaries to RENT and related tenure vocabulary. In Bouvier's entry, renovant appears immediately before a substantial treatment of RENT, and the two concepts are contextually linked: renewal of a tenancy and the rent obligations flowing from that renewal were closely intertwined in the law of real property. A researcher finding renovant in a historical instrument is almost certainly looking at a document concerning lease renewal, tenure extension, or a related conveyancing transaction — and should pursue the accompanying rent and tenure terms as the substantive legal matter. Because the term derives from Cowell's Interpreter (a seventeenth-century English legal glossary), its usage is concentrated in early modern English legal writing. It is unlikely to appear in American legal instruments with any frequency, and virtually absent from modern practice. Finding it in a post-1800 American document would be unusual enough to warrant scrutiny of the document's provenance or the drafter's sources.
Historical Dictionary Support
Both Rapalje & Lawrence and Bouvier's rely entirely on Cowell as authority, offering no independent analysis. The entries are among the shortest in either dictionary — Rapalje & Lawrence simply state "Renewing. Cowell." and Bouvier follows suit before pivoting to the far more substantive RENT entry. This convergence signals that renovant was not a term either compiler considered to have living doctrinal significance; it was preserved for completeness and as a key to older texts. No historical dictionary in the Law Mind corpus provides a worked example of renovant in use, a case citation, or a statutory reference. The term's sole authority anchor is Cowell's Interpreter, which predates the development of modern Anglo-American property law. Researchers should not expect to find renovant functioning as a term of art in equity, common law pleading, or statutory construction.
Related Terms
Renewal (of lease); Rent; Tenure; Cowell's Interpreter; Landlord and Tenant; Conveyance; Redemption; Lease; Continuance
RENOVANTmain
Rapalje & Lawrence • 1883
-Renewing.-Cowell.
RENOVANTmain
Bouvier's Law Dictionary • 1928
Renewing. Cowel. RENT (Lat. reditus, a return). A re- turn or compensation for the possession of some corporeal inheritance. A certain profit, either in money, provisions, or labor, issuing out of lands and tenements, in re- turn for their use. The compensation, either in money, pro- visions, chattels, or labor, received by the owner of the soil from the occupant there- of. Jacks. & Gross, Landl. & T. § 38; Woodf. Landl. & T. 375. The word "rents" in the bond of an admin- istrator is intended to apply to and embrace only such "rents" as at the death of an intes- tate passed to his personal representative and not to his heirs. 12 Bush (Ky.) 215. It has been held that a rent may issue out of lands and tenements corporeal, and also, out of them and their furniture, in this case a dairy farm with its stock and uten- sils; 31 Pa. 20; 99 id. 52. See, as to fur- nished lodgings, 5 B. & P. 224; 5 Co. 16 b. Some of its common-law properties are that it must be a profit to the proprietor, certain in its character, or capable of being reduced to a certainty, issuing yearly, that is, periodically, out of the thing granted, and not be part of the land or thing itself; Co. Litt. 47; 2 Bla. Com. 41. At common law there were three species of rent: rent service, where the tenant held his land by fealty, homage, or other cor- poral service and a certain rent to which the right of distress was necessarily in- cident; 3 Kent *461; 9 Watts 258; rent charge, which was a reservation of rent, with a clause authorizing its collection by distress; and rent seck, where there was no such clause, but the rent could only be collected by an ordinary action at law as by a writ of annuity or writ of assize. These distinctions, however, for all prac- tical purposes, have become obsolete, in consequence of various statutes both in England and in this country, allowing every kind of rent to be distrained for with- out distinction. See Tayl. Landl. & T. § 370; FEUDAL LAW. The payment of rent is incident to every tenancy where the relation of landlord and tenant subsists, except as to mere tenancies at will or by sufferance, where this relation cannot be said to exist. And no tenant can resist a demand for rent unless he shows that he has been evicted or become otherwise entitled to quit the premises, and has actually done so, before the rent in question became due. By the strictness of the common law, when a tenant has once made an agreement to pay rent, nothing will excuse him from continuing to pay, although the premises should be reduced to a ruinous condition by some unavoid- able accident of fire, flood, or tempest: 6 Mass. 63; 4 Harr. & J. 564: 72 Pa. 285: 39. Cal. 151; 3 Jolins. 44; 1 Term 310; 9 Price 294; 85 Ala. 99; 37 Ill. App. 542. See 72 Mich. 438. But this severity of the ancient law has been somewhat abated in this country, and in this respect conforms to the more reason- able provisions of the Code Napoléon, art. 1722, which declares that if the thing hired is destroyed by fortuitous events, during the continuance of the lease, the contract of hiring is rescinded, but if it be only destroyed in part, the lessee may, accord- ing to circumstances, demand either a diminution of the rent or a rescission of the contract itself. The same provision is to be found substantially in the Code of Louisiana, art. 2667, and in the act of the legislature of New York of 1860, c. 345, § 1. A somewhat similar provision is found in the laws of Minnesota: Laws 1883. c. 100; 47 Minn. 291. In South Carolina and Penn- sylvania it was decided that a tenant who had been dispossessed by a public enemy ought not to pay rent for the time the pos- session was withheld from him; and in Maryland it has been held that where a hurricane rendered a house untenantable it was a good defence to an action for rent. But these cases are evidently exceptions to the general rule of law above stated; 1 Bay 499; 5 Watts 517: 1 M'Cord 447. A tenant is not compelled to keep and pay rent for a house which, from defects in its construction, becomes untenantable and unfit for habitation; 73 Mich. 577. Where land has been swept away or gained upon by the sea, the lessee is no longer liable for rent; Bac. Abr. 63; Rolle, Abr. 236. The right of the lessor to terminate a lease for non-payment of rent will not give the lessee any right to avoid the lease or his liability for agreed rent; 150 U. S. 665. The quiet enjoyment of the premises, un- molested by the landlord, is an implied con- dition to the payment of rent. If, there- fore, he ousts the tenant from any consid- erable portion of the premises, or erects a nuisance of any description upon or so near to them as to oblige the tenant to remove, or if the possession of the land should be recovered by a third person, by a title superior to that of the landlord, the dispos- session in either case amounts to an evic- tion, and discharges the obligation to pay rent; 2 Ired. 350: 3 Harr. N. J. 364; 4 Leigh 484; 4 N. Y. 217; 1 M. & W

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