PRINCESS ROYAL

In English law. The eldest daughter of the sovereign. 3 Steph. Comm. 450. PRINCIPAL. Chief; leading; highest in rank or degree; most important or consider- able; primary; original; the source of author- ity or right. In the law relating to real and personal property, "principal" is used as the correla- tive of "accessory," and denotes the more im- portant or valuable subject, with which others are connected in a relation of dependence or subservience, or to which they are incident or appurtenant. In criminal law. A chief actor or per- petrator, as distinguished from an "acces-

In English law. The eldest daughter of the sovereign. 3 Steph. Comm. 450. PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL. Chief; leading; highest in rank or degree; most important or considerable; primary; original; the source of anthority or right. In the law relating to real and personal property, “principal” is used as the correlative of “accessory,” and denotes the more important or valuable subject, with which others are connected in a relation of dependence or subservience, or to which they.are inctdent or appurtenant. In criminal law. A chief actor or perpetrator, as distinguished from an “accessary.” A principal in the first degree is he that is the actor or absolute perpetrator of the crime; and, in the second degree, he who is present, alding and abetting the fact to be done. 4 Bl. Comm. 84. And see Bean v. State, 17 Tex. App. 60; Mitchell v. Com., 33 Grat. (Va.) 868; Cooney v. Burke, 11 Neb. 258, 9 N. W. 57; Red v. State, 39 Tex. Cr. R. 667, 47 S. W. 1003, 73 Am. St. Rep. 965; State v. Phillips, 24 Mo. 481; Travis v. Com.. 96 Ky. 77, 27 S. W. 863. All persons concerned in the commission of crime, whether it be felony or misdemeanor, and whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission, though not present, are principals. Pen. Code Dak. § 27. A criminal offender is either a principal or an accessary. A principal is either the actor (s. ¢, the actual perpetrator of the crime) or else is present, aiding and abetting the fact to be done; an accessary is he who is not the chief actor in the offense, nor yet present at its performance, but is some way concerned therein, either before or after the fact comimitted. 1 Hale, P. C. 613, 618. In the law of guaranty and suretyship. The principal is the person primarily liable, and for whose performance of his obligation the guarantor or surety has become bound. In the law of agency. The employer or constitutor of an agent; the person who gives authority to an agent or attorney to do some act for him. Adams v. Whittlesey, 3 Conn. 567. One, who, being competent eué juries to do any act for his own benefit or on his own aceoun confides it to another person to do for him. Domat, b. 1, tit. 15. The term also denotes the capital sum of a debt or obligation, as distinguished from in_ terest or other additions to it. Christian v. Superior Court, 122 Cal. 117, & Pac. 518. An heir-loom, mortuary, or corse-present. Wharton. —Vice principal. In the law of master and servant, this term means one to whom the employer has confided the entire charge of the business or of a distinct branch of it, giving him authority to superintend, direct, and control the workmen and make them obey his orders, the master himself exercising no particular oversight and giving no rticular orders, or one to whom the master has delegated a duty of his own, which is a direct, personal, and absolute obligation. See Durkin v. Kingston Coal Co., 171 Pa. 193, 33 Atl. 237, 20 L. R. A. 808, 50 Am. St. Rep. 801; Moore v. RailPRINCIPAL way Co., 85 Mo. 588; Railroad ‘Co. v. Bell, 112 Pa. 400, 4 Atl. 50; Lewis v. Seifert, 116 Pa. 628, 11 Atl. 514, 2 Am. St. ae ag , Mines - olis. v. Lundin, 58 Fed. 525, 344; Lindvall y. Woods (C. C.) 44 Hed, ‘855 bea v. Booth, Minn. 191, S4 N. W 739 : Van Dusen v. ’ Letellier, 78 Mich. 492, 44 'N. W. 572; Ilanna v. Granger, 18 R. 1. 507, 28 Atl. 659. As to principal “Challenge,” ‘Contract,” “Fact,” “Obligation,” and “Office,” see those titles.

The title borne by the eldest daughter of the sovereign, if and when it is conferred on her by the sovereign. No grant by letters patent is necessary. The question as to what happens when the title is borne by the eldest daughter of a subsequent sovereign has never arisen until now. The title had not up to the end of 1921 been conferred on the eldest daughter of his present Majesty. It would seem that the title cannot well be held simultaneously by two ladies. Byrne. PRINCIPAL. Leading; chief; more important. This word has several meanings. It is used in opposition to accessary, to show the degree of crime committed by two persons. Thus, we say, the principal is more guilty than the accessary after the fact. In estates, principal is used as opposed to incident or accessary: as in the follow- ing rule: "The incident shall pass by the grant of the principal; but not the prin- cipal by the grant of the incident: acces- sorium non ducit sed sequitur suum prin- cipale." Co. Litt. 152 a. It is used in opposition to agent, and in this sense it signifies that the principal is the prime mover. It is used in opposition to interest: as, the principal being secured, the interest will follow. The corpus or capital of the estate in contradistinction to the income. Money bearing interest; a capital sum lent on interest. It is used also in opposition to surety: thus, we say, the principal is answerable before the surety. Principal is used also to denote the more important: as, the principal person. In the English law, the chief person in some of the inns of chancery is called prin- cipal of the house. Principal is also used to designate the best of many things: as, the principal bed, the principal table, and the like. In Contracts. One who, being com- petent sui juris to do any act for his own benefit or on his own account, confides it to another person to do for him. 1 Domat b. 1, tit. 15, Introd.; Story, Ag. § 8. Every one of full age, and not other- wise disabled, is capable of being a princi- pal; for it is a rule that whenever a per son has power, as owner, or in his own right, to do a thing, he may do it by an- other; Com. Dig. Attorney (C1); Heinec- cius, ad Pand. p. 1,1. 3, tit. 1. § 424; 9 Co. 75 b; Story, Ag. §6. Infants are gener- ally incapable of appointing an agent; but under special circumstances they may make such appointments. For instance, an infant may authorize another to do any act which is beneficial to him. but not to do an act which is to his prejudice: 2 Kent 233; 9 Co. 75; 3 Burr. 1804; 6 Cow. 398; 10 Ohio 37; 10 Pet. 58, 69; 14 Mass. 463. A married woman could not, in general, appoint an agent or attorney; and when it was requisite that one should be ap pointed, the husband usually appointed for both. She might, perhaps, dispose of or incumber her separate property, through an agent or attorney; Cro. Car. 165; 2 Bulstr. 13; but this seemed to be doubted; Cro. Jac. 617; 1 Brownl. 134; Ad. Ej. 174. Idiots, lunatics, and other persons sui juris are wholly incapable of appointing an agent; Story, Ag. § 6. The general principle which governs the liability of a principal is that the responsi- bility is measured by the character and ex- tent of the authority given; see AGENCY: AGENT; for example, authority to an agent to vote at a corporate meeting upon the stock of his principal does not empower the former to act for the latter in connec tion with other stockholders, who were also creditors of the corporation, in taking measures for cancelling a mortgage of the corporation under which the claims of the principal and those stockholders against the corporation were secured; 112 Ala. 228. The powers of the agent must be measured and determined by the applica- tion to each particular case of ordinary business principles, and sound judgment to be exercised by the agent in executing his authority, and by the court which is to deal with the case in considering the ques- tion of the responsibility of the principal. Where a discretion has been conferred upon the agent the principal must abide the result of its exercise and will be held liable to third persons where it has been honestly exercised. So where an agent has power to borrow money on exceptional terms in cases of emergency, a lender is not bound to inquire whether in the par- ticular case the emergency has or has not arisen; 15 L. R. App. 357. And where the agent was entrusted with securities and instructed by the principal to raise a cer- tain sum upon them, but borrowed a larger sum and fraudulently appropriated the dif- ference, the principal could not redeem the securities without paying the lender in full where he had acted bona fide and in ignorance of the limitation, although he had no knowledge of the agent's authority to borrow and made no inquiry, and the agent practised fraud and forgery to ob- tain the loan; [1895] App. Cas. 173, affirm- ing [1895] 3 Ch. 130. The principal is entitled to the service of the agent with respect to the matter i

A style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter.