There is no need of any particular per- sons or objects being specified; the gener- ality and indefiniteness of the object con- stituting the charitable character of the donation; Boyle, Char. 23. A charitable use, when neither law nor public policy forbids, may be applied to almost anything that tends to promote the well-doing and well-being of man; Perry, Trusts § 687. They embrace gifts to the poor of every class, including poor relations, where the intention is manifest: 83 Pa. 9; 2 Sneed 305; 4 Wheat. 518; 1 Sumn. 276; 35 Ν. Η. 445; 7 Ch. D. 714; for the poor of a county, "who by timely assistance may be kept from being carried to the poor house;" 2 Del. Ch. 392; id. 421; for every descrip- tion of college and school, and their instruc- tors and pupils, where nothing contrary to the fundamental doctrine of Christianity is taught; to all institutions for the advance- ment of the Christian religion; 7 B. Monr. 851, 481; 4 Ired. Eq. 19; 30 Pa. 425; to all churches 10 Cush. 129; 7 S. & R. 559; 4 La. 180; 63 Conn. 377; foreign missions; 86 Ky. 610; for the education of two young men for all coming time for the Christian ministry: 41 Fed. Rep. 371; the advancement of Christianity among the infidels; 1 Ves. Jr. 243; the benefit of ministers of the gospel; 28 N. J. Eq. 570; for distributing Bibles and religious tracts; 3 Cush. 358; 10 Pa. 23; chapels, hospitals, orphan asylums; 33 Pa. 9; 12 La. Ann. 301; 8 Rich. Eq. 190; 125 Mass. 321; even when discrimination is made in favor of members of one religious denomination; 90 Pa. 21; dispensaries; 27 Barb. 260; pub- lic libraries; 145 Ill. 625; and the like; 2 Sandf. Ch. 46; 14 Allen 539; 2 Sim. & S. 594; 7 H. L. Cas. 124; friendly societies; 32 Ch. D. 158; the Salvation Army: 34 Ch. D. 528; educational trusts; [1895] 1 Ch. 367; a volunteer corps; [1894] 8 Ch. 265; any religious society; [1893] 2 Ch. 41; (but not a Dominican convent, for the pro- motion of private prayer by its own mem- bers; id. 51); a society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (but not for the maintenance of animals); 41 Ch. D. 552; [1895] 2 Ch. 501; to repair a sea dyke; 38 Ch. D. 507; to provide a scholarship [1895] 1 Ch. 480; to repair a churchyard; 33 Ch. D. 187; but not to repair a tomb; L. R. 4 Eq. 521. Sport is not a charity; [1895] 2 Ch. 649; to general public purposes; 80 Pa. 487; as supplying water or light to towns, building roads and bridges, keeping them in repair, etc.; 24 Conn. 350; and to the advancement of religion and other charitable purposes general in their cha- racter; 4 R. I. 414; 12 La. Ann. 301; 5 Ohio St. 237; 33 Pa. 413; 81 id. 445; 152 id. 477; 5 Ind. 465; L. R. 10 Eq. 246; L. R. 1 Eq. 585; L. R. 4 Ch. App. 309; L. R. 20 Eq. 483; 2 Pa. Dist. R. 435; 159 Mass. 226; 51 N... Eq. 154; [1893] 2 Ch. 41; 60 Fed. Rep. 365; Tudor, Char. Tr.; or a devise may be made to a municipal corporation for chari- table uses; 2 How. 128; 112 Mo. 561; 116 Ind. 139; and a city may refuse to accept such a bequest; 60 Conn. 314. A chari- table devise may become void for uncer- tainty as to the beneficiary; 51 Minn. 277; 37 8. C. 457; 77 Md. 104; 92 Tenn. 559; 8 Misc. Rep. 388. The decision that the appropriation for the World's Colum- bian Exposition was a charitable use; 56 Fed. Rep. 630; was reversed by the Cir- cuit Court of Appeals, which held that, be- ing made for the benefit of a local corpo- ration, it did not constitute a charitable trust, although aiding a great public enter- prise; id. 654. When the purposes of a charity may be best sustained by alienating the specific property bequeathed and investing the proceeds in a different manner, a court of equity has jurisdiction to direct such sale and investment, taking care that no devia- tion of the gift be permitted; 6 Wall. 169; 44 N. J. Eq. 179; 70 Md. 139. Charities in England were formerly in- terpreted, sustained, controlled, and ap- plied by the court of chancery, in virtue of its general jurisdiction in equity, aided by the stat. 43 Eliz. c. 4 and the prerogative of the crown; the latter being exercised by the lord chancellor, as the delegate of the sovereign acting as parens patriæ; Spence, Eq. Jur. 439, 441; 12 Mass. 537. The sub- ject has since been regulated by various statutes; the Charitable Trusts Act of 1853, 16 & 17 Vict. c. 137, amended by vari- ous subsequent acts down to 1894; Tud. Char. Tr. part iii.; 3d ed. By the Tol- eration Act, 1 Wm. & M. c. 18, chari- table trusts for promoting the religious opinions of Protestant Dissenters have been held valid; 2 Ves. Sen. 273. Roman Catho- lics share in their benefits; 2 & 3 Will. IV. c. 115; and Jews, by 9 & 10 Vict. c. 59, § 2. The weight of judicial authority in Eng- land was in favor of the doctrine which, as will be seen, prevails in this country, that equity exercised an inherent jurisdiction over charitable uses independently of the statute of Elizabeth;-that the statute did not create, but was in aid of, the jurisdic- tion. In support of this conclusion are fo