PERMANENT

Fixed, enduring, abiding, not subject to change. Generally opposed in law to “temporary.” —Permanent abode. <A domicile or fixed home, which the party may leave as his interest or whim may dictate, but which he has no present intention of abandoning. Dale v. Irwin, “8 Ill. 170; Moffett v. Hill, 131 Ill. 239, 22 N. E. 821: Berry v. Wilcox, 44 Neb. 82, 62 N. W. 249, 48 Am. St. Rep. 706.—Permanent building and loam association. One which issues its stock, not all at once or in series, but at any time when application is made therefor. Cook v. Equitable B. & L. Ass’n, 104 Ga. 814, 30 S. E. 911. As to permanent “Alimony,” “Injunction,” and “Trespass,” see those titles.

fending shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine, not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment and confinement to hard labor, not exceeding five years, according to the aggravation of the offense." 1 One who swears willfully to a matter which he rashly believes, which is false, and which he had no probable cause for believing, may be convicted of the crime.2 The truth must be shown.3 Parol testimony is admissible.4 The testimony of one witness, unsupported, may not be enough to convict; for there may then be merely oath against oath. Subornation of perjury. Procuring another to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury in the principal.6 "If any person or persons shall knowingly or willingly procure any such perjury (see above] to be committed, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of subornation of perjury, and shall, on conviction thereof, be punished" by fine, and by imprisonment at hard labor, as in cases of perjury, q. v.; and thereafter be incapable of giving testimony in any court of the United States until the judgment is reversed.8 Subornation of perjury is in its essence but a form of perjury itself. An indictment must aver that the accused knew that the testimony was false, and that in giving it the witness would commit perjury. The person solicited is not an accomplice in the crime of subornation; and the fact that he committed perjury does not prevent the jury from convicting the suborner of the solicitation on his testimony.10 Solicitation to commit perjury, though unsuccessful, is a misdemeanor at common law." See SUBORN. See CRIMEN, Falsi; INFAMY; SWEARING, False. Does not always embrace the idea of absolute perpetuity. 12 Thus, "permanent residence" does not involve the idea that a change thereafter may not be made; 13 it implies that there is no present intention to make a change.14 "Permanently establish a county seat" does not 1 R. S. § 5392: Act 3 March, 1825, § 13. 2 See United States v. Moore, 2 Low. 235-38 (1873), cases; Baldw. 370; 1 Sprague, 558; 4 McLean, 113. 31 Whart. Ev. § 387, Cr. L. § 1321; 27 Gratt. 127. 43 Greenl. Ev. §§ 188-202; 105 Mass. 582; 107 id. 227. 4 Bl. Com. 358. On corroboration, see 25 Cent. Law J. 534 (1885), cases. 4 Bl. Com. 137. 7 R. S. § 5392. 8 R. S. § 5393. See also § 5397. • United States v. Dennee, 3 Woods, 41 (1877); Commonwealth v. Douglass, 5 Metc., Mass., 244 (1842). 10 United States v. Thompson, 31 F. R. 331 (1887), Deady, J. 11 See 2 East, 5; 6 id. 464. 12 Hascall v. Madison University, 8 Barb. 185 (1850). 13 Newton v. Commissioners, 100 U. S. 562 (1879). 14 Dale v. Irwin, 78 III. 181 (1875).

111 Mo. 464; 14 Fed. Rep. 447. Where the facts sworn to are wholly foreign from the purpose and altogether immaterial to the matter in question, the oath does not amount to perjury; 2 Russ. Cr. 521; Co. 3d Inst. 167; 8 Ves: 35; Bac. Abr. Perjury (A); 2 Ν. & M'C. 18; 2 Mo. 158; 95 Cal. 657. But all false statements wilfully and corruptly made by a witness as to matters which affect his credit are material; [1895] 1 Q. B. 797; and so is every question in cross-examination which goes to the credit of a witness, as, whether he has been before convicted of felony; 3 C. & Κ. 26; 1 C. & M. 655. And see 10 Mod. 195; 8 Rich. 456; 9 Mo. 824; 12 Metc. 225; 28 Tex. Ap. 301. False evidence, whereby, on the trial of a cause, the judge is induced to admit other material evidence, even though the latter evidence is afterwards withdrawn by coun- sel, or though it was not legally receivable, is indictable as perjury; 2 Den. C. C. 302; 3 C. & Κ. 302. It is perjury where the witness swears falsely in giving evidence legally inadmis- sible, but which becomes material by being introduced in evidence; 5 Okl. 178. The materialty of the false oath is for the court and not for the jury; 54 Fed. Rep. 488; 97 Cal. 224; 1 Okl. 336. A defendant in a criminal prosecution, who testifies in his own behalf and of his own accord, is guilty of perjury if he testi- fies falsely. He is to be treated the same as any other witness; 115 N. C. 712; 33 Tex. Cr. Rep. 314; id. 67; 57 Kan. 431. Where one person arranges with another to commit perjury, both are in pari delicto; 135 U. S. 483. An attempt to induce a per- son to commit perjury on the contemplated trial of an indictment not yet returned, has been held not to be subornation of perjury ; 137 Mo. 289. Punishment of perjury is provided for by statutes in all the states, and also by the United States when it is committed in any proceeding by or under federal laws; U. S. R. S. §§ 5392-5396. For a form of in- dictment approved as correct in every sub- stantial part, see 159 U. S. 682. The power of punishing witnesses for testifying falsely in a judicial proceeding belongs peculiarly to the government in whose tribunals that proceeding is had; 134 U. S. 372. In general, it may be ob- served that a perjury is committed as well by making a false affirmation as a false oath. See OATH. R. S. § 5392, provides that every person taking an oath before a competent tribunal, officer, or person, in any case in which a law of the United States authorizes an oath to be administered, that he will testify, declare, depose, or certify truly, or that any written testimony, etc., by him subscribed is true, who wilfully, and contrary to such oath, states or subscribes any material matter which he does not believe to be true, is guilty of perjury, punishable by a fine of not more than $2,000 and imprison- ment at hard labor for not more than five years, and is rendered incapable of testify- ing in any court of the United States until the judgment against him is reversed. It is unnecessary in an indictment for perjury under R. S. § 5396 to set out the affidavit at length; 50 Fed. Rep. 915.

Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent impression. Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden. Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible or incoercible gases, before their liquefaction in 1877. -- Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.

Without end, eternal. | Lasting for an indefinitely long time.

A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm. | Given an n×n matrix a_ij,, the sum over all permutations π, of ∏ᵢ₌₁ⁿa_iπ(i). | A card whose effects persist beyond the turn on which it is played.

To perm (the hair).