In majore summa continetur minor. In the greater sum is contained the less. 5 Co. 115. In maleficiis voluntas spectatur non exitus. In offences, the intention is regarded, not the event. Dig. 48. 8. 14; Bacon, Max. Reg. 7; Broom, Max. 324. In maleficio ratihabitio mandato comparetur. In a tort, ratification is equivalent to authority. Dig. 50. 17. 152. 2. In maxima potentia minima licentia. In the greatest power there is the least liberty. Hob. 139. In mercibus illicitis non sit commercium. There should be no commerce in illicit goods. 3 Kent 262, п. In novo casu novum remedium apponendum est. In a new state of facts a new legal remedy must be found. 2 Inst. 8. In obscuris inspici solere quod verisimilius est, aut quod plerumque fieri solet. Where there is ob- scurity, we usually regard what is probable or what is generally done. Dig. 50. 17. 114. In obscuris quod minimum est sequimur. In ob- scure cases, we follow that which is least so. Dig. 50. 17. 9. In odium spoliatoris omnia præsumuntur. All things are presumed against a wrong-doer. Broom, Max. 939; 1 Vern. 19; 1 P. Wms. 731; 1 Ch. Cas. 292. In omni actione ubi due concurrunt districtiones, videlicet in rem et in personam, illa districtio te- nendu est que magis timetur et magis ligat. In every action where two distresses concur, that is in rem and in personam, that is to be chosen which is most dreaded, and which binds most firmly. Bract. 372; Fleta, L. 6, c. 14, § 28. In omni re nascitur res quæ ipsam rem exter- minat. In every thing, the thing is born which de- stroys the thing itself. 2 Inst. 15. In omnibus contractibus, sive nominatis sive in- nominatis, permutatio continetur. In every con- tract, whether nominate or innominate, there is implied an exchange, i. e, a consideration. In omnibus obligationibus, in quibus dies non ponitur, præsenti die debetur. In all obligations, when no time is fixed for the performance, the thing is due immediately. Dig. 50. 17. 14. In omnibus pœnalibus judiciis, et ætati et impru- dentiæ succurritur. In all trials for penal offences, allowance is made for youth and lack of discretion. Dig. 50. 17. 108; Broom, Max. 314. In omnibus quidem mazime tamen in jure æqui- tas spectanda sit. In all affairs indeed, but princi- pally in those which concern the administration of justice, equity should be regarded. Dig. 50. 17.90. In pari causa possessor potior haberi debet. When two parties have equal rights, the advantage is al- ways in favor of the possessor. Dig. 50. 17. 128; Broom, Max. 714. In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis. When the parties are equally in the wrong, the con- dition of the possessor is better. 11 Wheat. 258; 8 Cra. 244; Cowp. 341; Broom, Max. 325; 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 3724; 83 Ala. 142. In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis (et possidentis). Where both parties are equally in fault, the condition of the defendant is preferable. L. R. 7 Ch. 473; 11 Mass. 376; 101 Mass, 150, 864; Broom, Max. 290, 721; 38 Fed. Rep. 191; 15 Wash. 490; 166 III. 282. In pænalibus causis benignius interpretandum est. In penal cases, the more favorable interpreta- tion is to be made. Dig. 50. 17. 155. 2; Plowd. 80 0; 2 Hale, P. С. 865. In præparatoriis ad judicium favetur actori. In things preparatory before trial, the plaintiff is favored. 2 Inst. 57. In præsentia majoris potestatis, minor potestas cessat. In the presence of the superior power, the minor power ceases. Jenk. Cent. 214; Hardw. 28; 13 How. 142; 18 Q. B. 740. See Broom, Max. 111, 112. In pretio emptionis et venditionis naturaliter licet contrahentibus se circumvenire. In the price of buying and selling, it is naturally allowed to the con- tracting parties to overreach each other. 1 Story, Contr. 606. In propria causa nemo juder. No one can be Judge in his own cause. 12 Co. 18. In quo quis delinquit, in eo de jure est puniendus. In whatever thing one offends, in that he is right- fully to be punished. Co. Litt. 233 b. In re communi neminem dominorum jure facere quicquam, invito altero, posse. One co-proprietor can exercise no authority over the common prop- erty against the will of the other. Dig. 10. 8. 28. In re dubia benigniorem interpretationem sequi, non minus justius est, quam tutius. In a doubtful case, to follow the milder interpretation is not less