We commend this form of oath for adoption by the proper authorities in all the States and Territories. • Alabama, California, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin. The oaths administered on admission to the Bar in all the other States require the observance of the highest moral principle in the practice of the profession, but the duties of the lawyer are not as specifically defined by law in the States named. [The foregoing foot-note was appended to the above form of Oath as published at the time of the adoption of the Canons of Professional Ethics in 1908. It does not indicate any subsequent changes of form or requirement of Oath by later State legislation.] Canons of Judicial Ethics: (Adopted by the American Bar Association at its Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting at Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, on July 9, 1924.) [The committee of the American Bar Association, which prepared the Canons, was appointed in 1922, and composed of the following: William H. Taft, District of Columbia, Chairman; Leslie C. Cornish, Maine; Robert von Moschzisker, Pennsylvania; Charles A. Boston, New York, and Garret W. Me- Enerney, California. George Sutherland, of Utah, originally a member of the Committee, retired and was succeeded by Mr. McEnerney. In 1923, Frank M. Angellotti, of California, took the place of Mr. McEnerney.] Ancient Precedents. "And I charged your judges at that time, saying Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. "Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God's; ard the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it."-Deuteronomy, I, 16-17. "Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a gift; for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous." -Deuteronomy, XVI, 19. "We will not make any justiciaries, constables, sheriffs or bailiffs, but from those who understand the law of the realm and are well disposed to observe it."-Magna Charta, XLV. "Judges ought to remember that their office is jus dicere not jus dare; to interpret law, and not to make law, or give law." "Judges ought to be more learned than witty; more reverend than plausible; pl and more advised than confident. Above all things, integrity is their portion and proper virtue." "Patience and gravity of hearing is an essential part of justice; and an over speaking judge is no well- tuned cymbal. It is no grace to a Judge first to find that which he might have heard in due time from the Bar, or to show quickness of conceit in cutting off evidence or counsel too short; or to prevent informa- tion by questions though pertinent." "The place of justice is a hallowed place; and therefore not only the Bench, but the foot pace and precincts and purprise thereof ought to be preserved without scandal and corruption." -Bacon'a Esay "of Judicature." Preamble. In addition to the Canons for Professional Conduct of Lawyers which it has formulated and adopted, the American Bar Association, mindful that the character and conduct of a judge should never be objects of indifference, and that declared ethical standards tend to become habits of life, deems it desirable to set forth ita views respecting those principles which should govern the personal practice of members of the Judiciary in the administration of their office. The Association accordingly adopts the following Canons, the spirit of which it suggests as a proper guide and reminder for judges, and as indicating what the people have a right to expect from them. 1. Relations of the Judiciary. The assumption of the office of judge casts upon the incumbent duties in respect to his personal cont which concern his relation to the state and its inhabi- tants, the litigants before him, the principles of law, the practitioners of law in his court, and the witnesses, Jurors and attendants who aid him in the administra- tion of its functions. 2. The Public Interest. Courts exist to promote justice, and thus to serve the public interest. Their administration should be speedy and careful. Every judge should at all times be alert in his rulings and in the conduct of the business of the court, so far as he can, to make it useful to litigants and to the community. He should avoid unconsciously falling into the attitude of mind that the litigants are made for the courts instead of the courts for the litigants. 3. Constitutional Obligations. It is the duty of all judges in the United States to support the federal Constitution and that of the state whose laws they administer; in so doing, they should fearlessly observe and apply fundamental limitations and guarantees. 4. Avoidance of Impropriety. A judge's official conduct should be free from impr