KNOWLEDGE

The difference between "knowledge” and “belief” is nothing more than in the degree of certainty. With re- gard to things which make not a very deep secular laws. impression on the memory, it may be called "belief." "Knowledge" is nothing more than a man's firm belief. The difference is ordinarily merely in the degree, to be judged of by the court, when addressed to the court; by the jury, when addressed to the jury. 9 Gray, 271. Knowledge may be classified, in a legal sense, as positive and imputed,-imputed, when the means of knowledge exists, known and accessible to the party, and capable of communicating posi- tive information. When there is knowledge, no- tice, as legally and technically understood, be- comes immaterial. It is only material when, in the absence of knowledge, it produces the same re- sults. However closely actual notice may, in many instances, approximate knowledge, and construct

of all contracts made therein, a meniber of the household being oné of the parties. Wharton. ; The difference between “knowledge” and “belief” is nothing more than in the degree of certainty. With regard to things which make not a very deer. impression on the memory, it may be called “belief.” “Knowledge” is nothing more than a man’s firm belief. The difference is ordinarily merely in the degree, to be judged of by the court, when addressed co the court; by the jury, when addressed to the jury. Hatch v. Carpenter, 9 Gray (Mass.) 271. See Utley v.: Hill, 155 Mo. 232, 55 S. W. 1001, 49 L. R. A. 323, 78 Am. St. Rep. 569; Ohio Valley Coffin Co. v. Goble, 28 Ind. App. 362, 62 N. E. 1025; Clarke v. Ingram, 107 Ga. 565, 338 S. E. 802. Knowledge may be classified in a legal sense, as positive and imputed,—imputed, when the means of knowledge exists, known and accessible to the party, and capable of communicating positive information. When there is knowledge, notice, as legally and technically understo becomes immaterial. It is only material when, in the absence of knowledge, it produces the same results. However closely actual notice may, in many instances, approximate knowledge, and constructive notice may be its equivalent in effect, there may be actual notice without knowledge: and, when eas la Gehbe notice is made the test to determine puore es of right, it may fall far short of knowledge, and be sufficient. Cleveland Woolen Mills vy. Sibert, 81 Ala. 140, 1 South. 773. —Carnal knowledge. Coitus; copulation; sexual intercourse—Personal knowledge. Knowledge of the truth in regard to a particular fact or allegation, which is original, and does not depend on information or hearsay. Percone) knowledge of an allegation in an answer = porecnel knowledge of its truth or falsity; if the allegation is a negative one, this nec- ‘KYTH e of the truth or essarily includes a knowl Net West v. Home at of the ay en ape .(C.C.) 1

In kind. A payment of money, the delivery or deposit of an object, as of rent, or services rendered, are made or rendered "in kind," when of a thing or services which correspond in class or general nature to that intended. Opposed, in specie: in the identical state or condition, in exact terms. See DEPOSIT, 2, General. Compare GENUS. KING; QUEEN. 1. The person in whom is invested the supreme executive power of the government of Great Britain. 2. Sovereign power; government: commonwealth; state. Compare REX. The crown is hereditary, in the feudal path for succession to landed estates as marked out by the common law; but this does not imply an indefeasible right. Therefore, in his political capacity, the king never dies. His duty is to govern according to law; disobedience to his command is a high contempt or a misprision.2 As the fountain of justice, he is always ubiquitousalways present in his courts; hence he cannot be non-suit, and does not appear by attorney. affairs, is not to be imputed to him; or, that the prerogative extends not to an injury: in his political capacity the king is absolute perfection.1 The maxim has no place in our systems of constitutional law. The Constitution admits that heads of departments may do wrong, and provides for their impeachment.2 A wrong attempted in the name of a State is imputable to its government. 3 Statutes of parliament are generally cited by the name and the year of the sovereign in whose reign they were passed. In the subjoined table the Roman numerals indicate the year of accession: 1. William I, 1066. 2. William II, 1087. 3. Henry I, 1100. 4. Stephen, 1135. 5. Henry II, 1154. 6. Richard I, 1189. 7. John, 1199. 8. Henry III, 1216. 9. Edward I, 1273. 10. Edward II, 1307. 11. Edward III, 1327. 12. Richard II, 1377. 13. Henry IV, 1399. 14. Henry V, 1413. He is the steward of the public, to dispense justice 15. Henry VI, 1422. to whomsoever it is due.4 In foreign affairs he represents the nation: sends and receives ambassadors; makes treaties; proclaims war, and peace; issues reprisals, grants, safe-conducts. In domestic affairs he is part of the supreme legislative power: may negative a new law, and is bound by none unless specially named; is the general of the kingdom - raises armies, defends the kingdom; confines subjects within the realm, recalls them from abroad; is the general conservator of the peace erects courts, prosecutes offenders, pardons crimes, issues proclamations; is the fountain of office and privilege; is the arbiter of domestic commerce. erects marts, regulates weights and measures and the coinage of money; and is the supreme head of the church convenes and dissolves synods, nominates bishops, and receives appeals. His revenue is ordinary: ecclesiastical and temporal-from demesne lands of the crown, from the courts of justice, royal fish, wrecks, jetsam, flotsam, ligan, royal mines, treasure-trove, waifs, estrays, forfeitures for offenses and for deodands; from escheats, and from the custody of lunatics; and extraordinary: aids, subsidies granted by the Commons-now a tax, charged with the civil list, and with which the expenses of the civil government are defrayed. In the king there can be no negligence; no delay bars his right. See TEMPUS, Nullum, etc. "The king can do no wrong." This means either that whatever is exceptional in the conduct of public 11 Bl. Com. 191, 193, 196. 21 Bl. Com. 233; 4 id. 122. 1 Bl. Com. 270; 3 id. 24. 1 Bl. Com. 266. 1 Bl. Com. Ch. VII, VIII. 1 Bl. Com. 247. 16. Edward IV, 1461. 17. Edward V, 1483. 18. Richard III, 1483. 19. Henry VII, 1485, 20. Henry VIII, 1509. 21. Edward VI, 1547. 22. Mary, 1553.4 23. Elizabeth, 1559. 24. James I, 1603. 25. Charles I, 1625. 26. The Commonwealth, 1649. 27. Charles II, 1649.5 28. James II, 1685. 29. William and Mary, 1689. 30. William III, 1695.8 31. Anne, 1702. 32. George I, 1714. 33. George II, 1727. 34. George III, 1760. 35. George IV, 1820. 36. William IV, 1830. 37. Victoria, June 20, 1837. See BENCH; COUNCIL COUNSEL; COURT, 1; CROWN; FEUD; GOVERNMENT; PARLIAMENT; PATENT, 1; PATRIA; PEACE, 1; PREROGATIVE; TENURE, 1; TREASON; UBIQUITY, 1. 1. A being aware of: information, cognizance; notice. Absolute knowledge can be had of few things." 11 Bl. Com. 246; 2 id. 243; 3 id. 254; 4 id. 32. 2 Langford v. United States, 101 U. S. 343 (1879). Virginia Coupon Cases, 114 U. S. 290 (1885). In 1554, married Philip of Spain; hence, Philip and Mary, 1554–58. 5 Ascended the throne in 1660; his regnal.years are counted from 1649when Charles I died. 1-4, Normans; 5-12, Plantagenets; 13-15, House of Lancaster; 16-18, House of York; 19-23, House of Tudor; 24-25, 27-31, House of Stuart; 32-37, House of Hanover. Mary died in 1694. Story v. Buffum, 8 Allen, 38 (1864). E

The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition. Knowledge, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties, consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative propositions. Locke. That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural. There is a great difference in the delivery of the mathematics, which are the most abstracted of knowledges. Bacon. Knowledges is a term in frequent use by Bacon, and, though now obsolete, should be revived, as without it we are compelled to borrow "cognitions" to express its import. Sir W. Hamilton. To use a word of Bacon's, now unfortunately obsolete, we must determine the relative value of knowledges. H. Spencer. That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition. Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth. 1 Cor. viii. 1. Ignorance is the curse of God; -Knowledge, the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak. That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life. Shipmen that had knowledge of the sea. 1 Kings ix. 27. Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge. Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldst take knowledge of me Ruth ii. 10. Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge.

To acknowledge. [Obs.] "Sinners which knowledge their sins." Tyndale.

To confess as true; to acknowledge.

A course of study which must be completed by prospective London taxi drivers; consists of 320 routes through central London and many significant places.

The fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc. | Awareness of a particular fact or situation; a state of having been informed or made aware of something. | Intellectual understanding; the state of appreciating truth or information. | Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning etc. | Justified true belief | Sexual intimacy or intercourse (now usually in phrase carnal knowledge). | Information or intelligence about something; notice. | The total of what is known; all information and products of learning. | Something that can be known; a branch of learning; a piece of information; a science. | Acknowledgement. | Notice, awareness. | The deep familiarity with certain routes and places of interest required by taxicab drivers working in London, England.