cess; 2 Edw. Ch. 188; 4 Paige, Ch. 229, 444; 3 Sim. 273. The order granting an injunction is to be construed in the light of the prayer for the same; 81 Ga. 567. Damages for breach of covenant may be decreed in conjunction with relief by in- junction; 160 Pa. 529. A court of equity may impose any terms in its discretion as a condition of granting or continuing an injunction; 120 U. S. 206. The remedy of the party injured by the violation of an injunction by the party en- joined is by an application to the court to punish the party enjoined for his contempt in disobeying the process of the court; Hill. Inj. 178; 78 Hun 154; 61 Fed. Rep. 194. Where an injunction had issued against cutting timber, the agent of the party en- joined who had cut timber in breach of the injunction was held guilty of contempt; 11 Beav. 180. Where trustees of a friendly society who had been enjoined from dis- tributing certain funds, resigned, and their successors, with notice of the injunction, proceeded to make the forbidden distribu- tion, both sets of trustees were held to be in contempt and were committed; 51 L. J. Ch. 414. See 66 L. T. Ch. D. 267. Το render a person amenable to an injunction, it is neither necessary that he be a party to the suit or served with a copy of it, so long as he appears to have had actual notice ; 166 U. 8. 548. Equity will restrain the commission of injuries outside of its territorial jurisdic- tion, by a decree in personam, where it has acquired jurisdiction over the defendants. Such are suits for the specific performance of contracts, for the enforcement of trusts, for relief on the ground of fraud, for set- tling partnership accounts; Pom. Eq. Jur. § 1318. Penn v. Lord Baltimore, 1 Ves. Sen. 144; 100 Mass. 267; 66 Mo. 563;53 Ga. 514; 16 Pet. 25; a defendant may be enjoined from committing waste upon property situated abroad; 32 Fed. Rep. 124. But where the suit is strictly local, the subject-matter is specific property, and the relief such that, if granted, it must act directly upon the subject-matter, and not upon the person of the defendant, the jurisdiction must be exercised in the place where the subject-matter is situated, as a suit to abate a nuisance; Pom. Eq. Jur. § 1318: 2 Black 485. In the United States courts special in- junctions are granted only on notice, but in cases of danger of irreparable injury an order may issue (R. S. § 718) restraining the threatened act till the motion can be heard; and such order may be with or without security. Injunctions shall not be granted to restrain proceedings in the state courts except in bankruptcy proceed- ings; R. S. § 720; nor suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or.collection of any taxes; R. S. $ 3224. Injunction in a state court in cases afterwards removed to a federal court, remain in full force until dissolved or modified; 18 Stat. L. 470. See 34 Fed. Rep. 481; 46 id. 546. Under the new equity rules in Pennsyl- vania evidence on a motion for a prelim- inary injunction is taken in open court. An injunction, when granted, will usually not be modified or dissolved except by the judge who granted it; 35 Fed. Rep. 98. By the federal practice a motion to dis- solve an injunction should always, when practicable, be addressed to the judge who granted it; and, in case of his death, it would seem advisable that two judges should hear the motion to dissolve; 77 Fed. Rep. 783. The sole object of a preliminary in- junction is to preserve the status quo un- til the merits can be heard. The status quo is the last actual peaceable uncontested status which preceded the pending con- troversy, and a wrongdoer cannot shelter himself behind sudden or recently changed status, though made before the chancellor's hand actually reached him; 180 Pa. 572. a As to injunctions in particular cases, see the title of the particular subject to which the remedy is to be applied. In Equity. A writ remedial, issuing by order of a court of equity, (and in some cases by courts of common law in the exercise of equitable jurisdiction), and commanding a defendant to perform some act, or restraining a defendant from the commission or con- tinuance of some act. Wm. Joyce on Injunc- tions, 1, cited by Bispham, Prin. of Eq. 634. See MANDATORY INJUNCTION; PERPETUAL INJUNCTION; PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION;