GG N - The Law Mind Legal Dictionary

GG NAuthored

The Law Mind • 507 words

Definition

"GG N" does not appear to be a recognized legal term, abbreviation, or term of art. The source material provided under this heading contains a fragment of an entry for **Confession and Avoidance** (and related plea terminology), which appears to have been misattributed or mislabeled in the source index. The content describes a substantive plea doctrine, not a term corresponding to "GG N."

Because no coherent legal definition exists for "GG N" as a standalone term, and because the underlying source material plainly pertains to **Confession and Avoidance**, this entry redirects researchers to that doctrine.

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Common Confusion

Do not confuse the OCR artifact "GG N" with any recognized abbreviation. It has no legal meaning. Researchers who encounter it in a database search result or index should not treat it as a citable term or concept.

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Why It Matters in Research

Researchers encountering "GG N" as a heading or index entry in digitized or OCR-processed versions of Black's Law Dictionary (2nd Ed.) should treat it as a scanning or optical character recognition artifact. The character sequence "GG N" is almost certainly a misread of a heading fragment — likely a page header, catch-word, or section marker — rather than a genuine legal term.

This is a known hazard when working with digitized historical legal dictionaries in the Law Mind corpus. OCR errors cluster around:
- Decorative or bold typeface used for headings
- Catch-words at the top of dictionary pages
- Ligatures and historical typographic conventions that OCR engines misread

The substantive content in the source fragment — concerning confession and avoidance, and confession of defense — belongs to the entry on **CONFESSION AND AVOIDANCE**, a plea doctrine of genuine historical and procedural significance. Researchers should locate and consult that entry directly.

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Historical Dictionary Support

The fragment preserved under this mislabeled entry reads:

> "A plea in confession and avoidance is one which avows and confesses the truth of the averments of fact in the declaration, either expressly or by implication, but then proceeds to allege new matter which tends to deprive the facts admitted of their ordinary legal effect, or to obviate, neutralize, or avoid them."

This is a standard and reliable formulation of the confession and avoidance doctrine as understood in late nineteenth and early twentieth century common law pleading. Black's 2nd Edition (c. 1910) reflects the classical code-pleading era treatment of this doctrine. The definition is consistent with parallel treatments in Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Abbott's Law Dictionary of the same period.

The fragment also begins a definition of **Confession of Defense**, a related but distinct concept, before the text cuts off. Neither definition is anomalous or contested; the content is standard for the era.

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GG Nmain

Black's Law Dictionary (2nd Ed.) • 1910

H. 151, 28 Atl. 95, 22 Il. R. A. 768. —OConfession and avoidance. A plea in confession and avoidance is one which avows confesses the truth of the averments of fact in the declaration, either expressly or by implication, but then proceeds to allege new matter which tends to deprive the facts admitted of their ordinary legal effect, or to obviate, neutralize, or avoid them.—Confession of defense. In English practice. Where defendant alleges a ground of defense arising since the commencement of the action, the plaintiff may deliver confession of such defense and sign judgzment for his costs up to the time of such pleading, unless it be otherwise ordered. Jud. Act 1875, Ord. XX, vr. 38—Confession of judgment. The act of a debtor in permitting judgment to be entered against him by his creditor, for a stipulated sum, by a written statement to that effect or by warrant of attorney, without the institution of legal proceedings of any kind. essing error. A plea to an assignment of error, admitting the same. CONYFESSO, BILL TAKEN PRO. In eguity practice. An order which the court of chancery makes when the defendant does not file an answer, that the plaintiff may take such a decree as the case made by his bill warrants. '