FORGE

To fabricate, construct, or pre- pare one thing in imitation of another thing, with the intention of substituting the false for the genuine, or otherwise deceiving and defrauding by the use of the spurious article To counterfeit or make falsely. Especially, to make a spurious written instrument with the intention of fraudulently substituting it for another, or of passing it off as genuine; or to fraudulently alter a genuine instrument to another's prejudice; or to sign another person's name to a document, with a deceit- ful and fraudulent intent. To forge (a metaphorical expression, borrowed from the occupation of the smith) means, properly speaking, no more than to make or form, but in our law it is always taken in an evil sense. 2 East, P. C. p. 852, c. 19, § 1. To forge is to make in the likeness of something else; to counterfeit is to make in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud by passing the false copy for genuine or original. Both words, "forged" and "counterfeited," convey the idea of similitude. 42 Me. 392. In common usage, however, forgery is almost always predicated of some private instrument or writing, as a deed, note, will, or a signature; and counterfeiting denotes the fraudulent imitation of coined or paper money or some substitute there- for.

as a punishment inflicted for a violation of some duty enjoined by law; whereas individuals can only make it a matter of contract.1 Provisions for forfeiture are regarded with disfavor and construed with strictness - when applied to contracts, and the forfeiture relates to a matter admitting of compensation or restoration; but there is no leaning against a forfeiture intended to secure the construction of public works where compensation cannot be made for the default, nor where the forfeiture is imposed by positive law.? The fraudulent making of a false writing, which, if genuine, would be apparently of some legal efficacy.1 May be committed as to any writing, which, if genuine, would operate as the foundation of another man's liability, or the evidence of his right.2 Imports a false making (which includes every alteration of or addition to a true inwritten instrument for the purpose of fraud and deceit: with intent to deceive. 3 Where an act works a forfeiture of goods, the gov- strument) -a making malo animo, of any ernment may at once seize them. Where an absolute forfeiture is the penalty, title accrues in the government when the penal act is committed. But where the forfeiture is in the alternative (property, or its value), title does not vest till an election is made.4 Where property is seized for condemnation for forfeiture, some notification of the proceedings, beyond the mere seizure, may be necessary. Failure to pay a premium of life insurance (q. v.) at the time specified involves an absolute forfeiture, for which, unless waived by the company, relief cannot be had. See WAR. Forfeitures for common-law offenses have been generally abolished. See ATTAINDER; BOND; CHARTER, 2; CONDITION; DOWER; FELONY; LAND, Public; PARDON; PENALTY; RECOGNIZANCE; SEARCH-WARRANT. 1. A mechanical contrivance by which iron is made or manufactured from the ore. But a blacksmith's forge is not a "forge or furnace for manufacturing iron." 8 2. To make in the likeness of something else. Compare FABRICATE. Forger. A person guilty of forgery. Forgery. At common law, the fraudulent making or alteration of a writing to the prejudice of another man's right.10 "The word is taken metaphorically from the smith, who beateth upon his anvil and forgeth what fashion and shape he will." 11 In common speech, also, the altered instrument itself. 1 Maryland v. Baltimore, &c. R. Co., 3 How. 552 (1845), Taney, C. J. 2 Farnesworth v. Minnesota, &c. R. Co., 92 U. S. 68 (1875), Field, J.; 2 Story, Eq. § 1326. 3 Henderson's Spirits, 14 Wall. 56 (1871), cases; Thatcher's Spirits, 103 U. S. 682 (1880). The Mary Celeste, 2 Low. 356 (1874), cases. 5 Windsor v. McVeigh, 93 U. S. 274 (1876). New York Life Ins. Co. v. Statham, 93 U. S. 24, 30 (1876): 100 Pa. 180. As to fire insurance, see Smith v. St. Paul Fire & Mar. Ins. Co., 3 Dak. T. 80 (1882). F. forge: L. fabrica, a workshop; faber, a workman, smith: fa-, to make. * [Rogers v. Danforth, 9 N. J. E. 296 (1853). State v. McKenzie, 42 Me. 394 (1856). 104 Bl. Com. 247; L. R., 1 C. C. R. *203. 113 Coke, Inst. 169. In general terms, forgery is the false making or material alteration of, or addition to, a written instrument for the purpose of fraud and deceit. It may be - the making of a false writing purporting to be that of another; the alteration in some material particular of a genuine instrument by a change of its words or figures; the addition of some material provision to an instrument otherwise genuine; the appending of a genuine signature to an instrument for which it was not intended. The false writing may purport to be the instrument of a person or firm existing or fictitious; or of a person having the same name as the accused. As a rule, it must purport to be the writing of another than the person who made it.4 May be committed by making a note in the name of a fictitious person, in an assumed name, or in the name of a bank which does not exist. It is not necessary that the note be one which, if genuine, would be a valid and binding obligation. It is sufficient that the instrument purports to be good. To relieve from the character of forgery, the want of validity must appear upon the face of the paper itself. It is immaterial whether the forgery is committed by means of printing, stamping, an engraved plate, or by writing with a pen. 12 Bishop, Cr. L. §§ 524, 523, note. 23 Greenl. Ev. § 103, cases. 3 Rex v. Coogan, 2 East, P. C. 852-53 (1803): Commonwealth v. Ayer, 3 Cush. 152 (1849); Garner v. State, 5 Lea, 215 (1880); Statev. McKiernan, 17 Nev. 228 (1882). 4 Commonwealth v. Baldwin, 11 Gray, 198 (1858), Thomas, J. United States v. Turner, 7 Pet. *134 (1833); United States v. Mitchell, Baldw. 366 (1831); 11 F. R. 55. • Benson v. McMahon, 127 U. S. 467-71 (1888), cases. Benson, by falsely representing himself in the City of Mexico as Marcus Meyer, agent for Henry E. Abbey, under whom Adelina Patti was to appear at the Teatro Nacional, in December, 1886, sold $25,000 to $30,000 worth of tickets of admission. In February, 1888, Benson was arrested in the city of New York, and committed for his return to Mexico, in accordance with the extradition treaty of 1861, the circuit court having refused to release him upon a writ of habeas corpus. "About the only contest" made by him before the Supreme Court was that the tickets were not forgeries, mainly because the name of Mr. Abbey, who was represented as having authorized their issue and sale, was not "in writing," i. e., made in script, by the use of a pen. Ib. 464-65.

[L. Fr. fauxer, fauser, faucher, forger; L. Lat. falsare, fabricare.] In criminal law. To make or fabricate a thing in imitation of another, with a view to deceive and defraud; to make falsely; to counterfeit.* To forge (a metaphorical expression, borrowed from the occupation of the smith,) means, properly speaking, no more than to make or form, but in our law it is always taken in an evil sense. East's P. C. 852, c. 19, § 1. The French fauxer or fauser, however, (from faux, false,) which is a term employed by Britton, always radically imported a false making, and may have been the origin of the English word, instead of forger, to fashion, (q. v.) To forge and to counterfeit are constantly used both in ancient and modern law, as synonymous terms. Thus, de fauseours qui ount nostre monoy countrefait; of forgers who have counterfeited our money. Britt. c. 4. See Forgery. The former, however, is usually applied to writing or written instruments, the latter to other subjects of imitation, especially money. Thus, we say "a forged deed," "a forged check," a forged signature," a forged endorsement;" and "a counterfeit coin,” “a counterfeit bank note." 99 66

A place or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace, etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy. In the quick forge and working house of thought. Shak. The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a shingling mill. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metalic bodies. [Obs.] In the greater bodies the forge was easy. Bacon. American forge, a forge for the direct production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously. Raymond. -- Catalan forge. (Metal.) See under Catalan. -- Forge cinder, the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary. -- Forge rolls, Forge train, the train of rolls by which a bloom is converted into puddle bars. -- Forge wagon (Mil.), a wagon fitted up for transporting a blackmith's forge and tools. -- Portable forge, a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc., that may be moved from place to place.

To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal. Mars's armor forged for proof eterne. Shak. To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent. Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common use. Locke. Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves. Tennyson. To coin. [Obs.] Chaucer. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed document. That paltry story is untrue, And forged to cheat such gulls as you. Hudibras. Forged certificates of his . . . moral character. Macaulay.

To commit forgery. To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase to forge ahead. Totten. And off she [a ship] forged without a shock. De Quincey.

A furnace or hearth where metals are heated prior to hammering them into shape. | A workshop in which metals are shaped by heating and hammering them. | The act of beating or working iron or steel. | A web-based collaborative platform for developing and sharing software.

To shape a metal by heating and hammering. | To form or create with concerted effort. | To create a forgery of; to make a counterfeit item of; to copy or imitate unlawfully. | To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate.

To move forward heavily and slowly (originally as a ship); to advance gradually but steadily; to proceed towards a goal in the face of resistance or difficulty. | To advance, move or act with an abrupt increase in speed or energy.