CONTRA

8 definitions found across Law Mind sources

CONTRAAuthored
The Law Mind • 865 words
Definition
A Latin preposition and adverb meaning "against," "on the contrary," or "in opposition to." In legal usage, contra functions primarily as a citation signal and a term of art in legal argument, carrying several distinct applications: 1. As a citation signal: Contra appears in briefs, opinions, and legal writing to flag an authority that contradicts or cuts against a previously cited authority or proposition. It is the functional opposite of accord or see also when those signals point toward supporting authority. 2. As a notation in law reports: Contra appended to the name of a judge or advocate in older reports indicates that person dissented from or opposed the view just stated. Similarly, "curia contra" signals that the court, as a body, rejected the point argued. 3. As a prefix in legal Latin compounds: Contra anchors dozens of established Latin legal phrases — contra bonos mores (against good morals), contra pacem (against the peace), contra proferentem (against the drafter), among others. In these compounds, contra functions as a substantive element of doctrine, not merely a citation device.
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): Against; contrary or opposed to; in opposition or contrast to. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): A Latin adverb and preposition signifying against, contrary, in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of many English words. The gap between common and legal meaning is not one of divergence but of specialization. In ordinary English, contra is a rarely used Latinate word meaning simply "against." In legal sources, it carries precise technical weight: as a citation signal it tells a reader something specific about the authority's relationship to the proposition at hand, and in compound Latin phrases it forms part of established doctrines with discrete legal consequences. A reader encountering contra in a contract opinion may need to determine whether it signals an adverse authority, expresses a court's rejection of an argument, or introduces the contra proferentem canon — three very different things.
Common Confusion
Contra is sometimes conflated with e contra (or e contrario), a related Latin expression meaning "on the other side" or "conversely," which Burrill notes is used in substantially the same sense. The distinction is minor in modern practice but can matter when reading older reports closely. More consequentially, researchers may encounter contra used loosely in older digests and treatises where modern citation practice would use but see or cf. The signals are not interchangeable: contra signals direct contradiction; cf. signals something merely worth comparing. Importing modern citation-signal conventions onto older uses of contra can distort the meaning of the passage.
Why It Matters in Research
The primary research trap is reading contra without determining which of its functions is operative. In nineteenth-century English and American reports, contra after a judge's name is a notation about that individual's position — it is not a case citation and does not carry independent authority. In a string citation, contra introduces a case that undermines your proposition, which matters for how you evaluate the strength of the authority trail you are building. The contra proferentem compound is the most doctrinally significant derivative and the most likely to appear as a live legal issue. Researchers working in contract interpretation should follow the encyclopedia cross-reference above; the canon has a distinct litigation history and has been treated inconsistently across jurisdictions and contract types (consumer vs. commercial, negotiated vs. adhesion). In older digests organized under Latin headings, contra and its compounds appear as organizational headers (Contra Bonos Mores, Contra Pacem) that index material a researcher might not locate through a plain-English search. Awareness of the Latin term is therefore a navigational necessity when working in pre-twentieth-century digest systems.
Historical Dictionary Support
The historical dictionaries are in close agreement on core meaning. Black's (both editions), Anderson, and Burrill all define contra as "against" or "in opposition to" and share substantially identical language describing its use in law reports to mark opposition by counsel or court. Burrill adds the useful observation that e contra is sometimes used in the same sense, a nuance the other dictionaries understate. Anderson is the most practically useful of the historical sources here, distinguishing two standalone uses — (1) marking opposition of counsel in argument and (2) flagging contrary authorities — and pointing forward to the contra bonos mores and contraband entries, which signals how the term anchors a family of related concepts. None of the historical dictionaries treat contra as a citation signal in the modern, formalized sense developed by twentieth-century legal writing guides (such as The Bluebook). That formalization postdates the major historical dictionaries, so the older descriptions are accurate for their period but incomplete as guidance for modern practice.
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
Interpretation — Ambiguity (Patent vs. Latent) and Contra Proferentem (The Law Mind Contracts & Commercial Law Encyclopedia)
Related Terms
Contra proferentem — E contra — Contra bonos mores — Contra pacem — Citation signals (accord; cf.; but see) — Curia contra — Dissent — Ambiguity — Contract interpretation
CONTRAmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
ual, without the necessity of any actual in- terference by man, as a water-spout, or a right of light or air; as distinguished from a discontinuous easement, which is one the en- joyment of which can be had only by the in- terference of man, as a right of way, or a right to draw water. Washb. Easem. 13; Gale, Easem. 16; 21 N. Y 505; 60 Mich. 252, 27 N. W. Rep. 512. This distinction is derived from the French law. See Civil Code, art. 688.
CONTRAmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
Against, confronting, oppo- site to; on the other hand; on the contrary. The word is used in many Latin phrases, as appears by the following titles. In the books of reports, contra, appended to the name of a judge or counsel, indicates that he held a view of the matter in argument contrary to that next before advanced. Also, after cita- tion of cases in support of a position, contra is often prefixed to citations of cases op- posed to it.
CONTRAmain
Rapalje & Lawrence • 1888
(279) appear in open court; the plaintiff's advocate stated his cause of complaint viva voce; the defendant's advocate his ground of defence; plaintiff's advocate replied; and the altercation continued till the two parties came to contradict one another, or, as it was termed, to an "issue." If this issue was upon a point of law, the judges decided it; if upon a point of fact, it was tried by a jury, or by one of the other modes which prevailed at that period. While this was going on, the officers of the court, who sat at the feet of the judges, took a written minute of the proceedings on a parchment roll, which was called "the record," and was preserved as the official history of the suit, and that alone, the correctness of which could be afterwards recognized and depended on, was the only evidence of the matters stated there, and the court would not allow it to be contradicted. As the proceedings generally occupied more days than one, the court used to adjourn them from time to time; if these adjournments, which were called "continuance," were not made, the suit was at an end, since there was no period at which either party had a right again to call the court's attention to it; and if the continuance, though made, were not entered on the record, the suit was equally at an end, since the record was the only evidence the court would admit of the fact of the continuance. In such a case the action was said to be "discontinued." And latterly when a cause was put down in the list of causes to be tried at a certain time, and from some cause or other it was not then tried, but was adjourned, a minute of such adjournment was entered on the record, which was technically termed "entering a continuance," because such entry signified that the cause was not yet finished, but continued pending. This practice of entering continuances was, however, abolished by Kule 31, Trin. Term, 1853.-Brown. 2. In American practice, the adjournment or postponement of the trial of a cause, to another day in the same term of the court, or to a subsequent term. Among the principle causes or grounds for a continuance are, absence of material witnesses, amendments of pleadings changing the nature or scope of the issue, illness of party or counsel, surprise, newly discovered evidence, &c. CONTINUANCE, (in the common law, synonymous with "prorogation" in the civil). 1 Cow. (Ν. Υ.) 43 n. CONTINUANCE IN OFFICE, (in a bond). 9 Cranch (U. S.) 212, 239; 16 Fla. 204; 6 Munf. (Va.) 81. CONTINUANCE OF AN ACTION, (what is not). 6 Watts (Pa.) 528. CONTINUANCE OF TRESPASS, (damages cannot be recovered for). 19 Wend. (N. Y.) 507, 509. CONTINUANDO.-In an action of trespass under the old practice, when the trespass was of a continuing nature (e. g. spoiling or consuming a man's herbage with cattle), the declaration might allege the injury to have been committed by continuation from one given day to another, instead of the plaintiff being compelled to bring separate actions for each day's separate offence; this was called "laying the action with a continuando." 3 Bl. Com. 212. CONTINUANDO, (defined). 2 Mass. 50. C. L. 202. (laying action with). 4 Wheel. Am. CONTINUE A STOCKHOLDER, (of a company). 104 Mass. 577. CONTINUE HIS SUIT, NOT то, (in a bond). Cro. Jac, 525. CONTINUED IN SUCH SERVICE, (in a statute). 2 Chit. Gen. Pr. 10. CONTINUING AN ACTION, (in a statute). 1 Mass. 508. CONTINUING AND ABIDING, (in a statute). 12 East 550, 554. CONTINUING CHARGE, (in succession duties act). L. R. 2 H. L. 63. CONTINUING CONTRACT.-See CONTRACTS, § 12. CONTINUING GUARANTY, (defined). 10 Pet. (U. S.) 494, 495; 18 N. Y. 337, 343. (what is). 6 Bing. 244, 249; 9 Id. 618; 2 Campb. 412, 413, 436, 437; 12 East 227, 228. (what is not). 6 Bing. 276; 2 Chit. 205; 2 Mau. & Sel. 18, 22. C. L. 531. (notice of acceptance). 5 Wheel. Am.
CONTRAn.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying against, contrary, in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of many English words. Cf. Counter, adv. & pref.
contraprep
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
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Against; contrary or opposed to; in opposition or contrast to.
contraadv
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
Contrary to something.
contraverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
To undo; to reverse.

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