COMMIT

8 definitions found across Law Mind sources

COMMITAuthored
The Law Mind • 1394 words
Definition
To commit, in law, carries three distinct and operationally separate meanings depending on context: (1) CRIMINAL/CIVIL CONFINEMENT (Commitment to custody): To send a person to prison, jail, or other custodial facility by order of a court or magistrate, pursuant to lawful authority. This is the core procedural meaning — a judicial act directing detention. The commitment is the court's directive; the resulting confinement is its execution. (2) INVOLUNTARY CIVIL COMMITMENT: To order a person placed in a mental health facility, asylum, reformatory, or similar institution by authority of a court or magistrate, typically on grounds of mental illness or incapacity rather than criminal conduct. This meaning is distinct from criminal confinement and carries its own procedural framework and constitutional protections. (3) PERPETRATION OF AN ACT: To commit a crime, tort, or offense — that is, to perform or carry out the act. "Commit" in this sense is the verb of commission, as opposed to omission. A fourth meaning appears in transactional and property contexts: (4) COMMITMENT IN TITLE INSURANCE: A written preliminary agreement by a title insurer to issue a title insurance policy, subject to stated conditions and exceptions. The commitment identifies defects, liens, or encumbrances the insurer will not cover and outlines what the insured must do before the policy issues. It is not itself the policy. ---
Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): To give in trust or consign to another's keeping; to imprison or forcibly place in a jail; to forcibly evaluate and treat in a medical facility; to do something bad or perpetrate a crime; to pledge or bind oneself by a decisive act. Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign (used with to or unto); to put in charge of a jailor; to imprison; to do or perpetrate, as a crime, sin, or fault. The common and legal meanings overlap substantially in everyday usage, but the legal term does important additional work. In law, "commit" in the confinement sense is a formal judicial act with procedural prerequisites — it is not synonymous with mere physical detention or arrest. The distinction between criminal commitment and civil commitment (involuntary psychiatric placement) is invisible in ordinary language but legally significant, triggering entirely different constitutional standards and statutory regimes. ---
Common Confusion
COMMIT vs. ARREST: An arrest initiates custody pending a judicial determination; a commitment follows judicial action and formalizes detention. The two are related steps in sequence, not synonyms. CRIMINAL COMMITMENT vs. CIVIL COMMITMENT: Criminal commitment flows from conviction or pretrial detention orders in a criminal proceeding. Civil commitment — particularly involuntary psychiatric commitment — is a separate civil process grounded in the state's parens patriae power or police power, requiring independent procedural protections. Researchers conflating the two will find their sources applying different constitutional standards (due process under Addington v. Texas for civil commitment; the criminal procedural framework for criminal detention). COMMITMENT (title insurance) vs. BINDER: In real estate, a title commitment and a title binder are sometimes used interchangeably, but in strict usage they differ in duration and purpose. The commitment is a conditional promise to insure; a binder may refer to temporary coverage pending the permanent policy. Researchers in pre-20th century sources will rarely find the title insurance meaning of "commitment" — this usage is a product of the modern title insurance industry. ---
Recognized Forms
/SUBTYPES (1) Mittimus: The formal written warrant or order by which a court commits a person to prison or other custody. The mittimus is the documentary instrument of commitment. Historical sources, particularly English authorities, use "mittimus" where modern American practice may simply reference the court's commitment order. (2) Civil (Involuntary) Commitment: Judicial order placing an individual in a mental health facility, substance abuse treatment facility, or similar institution without criminal conviction. Governed by state statute and subject to due process requirements. (3) Pretrial Commitment: Detention of a defendant before trial, either as a condition of bail denial or pending competency evaluation. (4) Title Insurance Commitment: Preliminary written assurance by a title company to issue a title policy, setting out conditions, exceptions, and requirements. ---
Why It Matters in Research
The multiplicity of meanings creates serious research traps. A researcher reading 18th- or 19th-century case law will encounter "committed" almost exclusively in the custodial sense — specifically, the formal judicial act of ordering confinement using a mittimus or similar instrument. Modern civil commitment doctrine did not crystallize in its current constitutional form until the latter half of the 20th century; earlier sources addressing confinement of the mentally ill often used "commitment" loosely and without the procedural scaffolding familiar today. In criminal procedure research, note that historical sources frequently treat commitment as interchangeable with the warrant or order of detention, rather than as the physical act of incarceration. The instrument (mittimus, warrant of commitment) and the act (sending to prison) are distinct, and historical courts sometimes addressed defects in the commitment instrument as grounds for habeas relief. For civil commitment research, the Law Mind Health Law & Bioethics Encyclopedia entry on substance abuse law and involuntary commitment provides critical context on how the modern statutory and constitutional framework departs from earlier common law and statutory practice. Pre-20th-century sources are particularly unreliable guides to current procedural requirements. In real estate and title insurance research, the commitment is a term of art that postdates virtually all of the historical dictionary sources in this corpus. Anderson's and Burrill's will not yield useful guidance on title insurance commitments; researchers should work forward through 20th-century practice materials. The Law Mind encyclopedia entries on title insurance commitment and covered risks are the better starting point. Researchers using "commit" as a search term in large historical corpora should expect significant noise — the perpetration meaning ("commit a crime") will dominate raw frequency counts and may obscure procedural uses. ---
Historical Dictionary Support
Black's Law Dictionary (both editions) is consistent and concise: commit means to send a person to prison or institution by virtue of lawful authority. The second edition modestly expands the scope to include asylums, workhouses, and reformatories alongside prisons, reflecting the institutional diversification of custodial settings by the early 20th century. Burrill's Law Dictionary notes the Latin root (committere) and French law parallel, situating the term in the common law's civil law inheritance — useful background for researchers working with early American sources that drew on civilian terminology. Anderson's Dictionary of Law, as reproduced in the source material for this entry, addresses "commit" primarily in the commission or delegated-authority sense (a body or board intrusted with public duties), which reflects the related but distinct usage of "commission" and "committee." This divergence in emphasis across dictionaries is itself informative: Anderson's is more attentive to the institutional and delegatory sense, while Black's focuses on the custodial. None of the historical dictionaries address the title insurance commitment — this is an expected gap, given the timing of the title insurance industry's development. Researchers should not read absence of coverage in these sources as evidence that the concept did not exist; it simply postdates the dictionaries' primary frames of reference. ---
Jurisdictional Note
Civil commitment standards and procedures vary substantially by state. The threshold showing required (danger to self, danger to others, grave disability), the permissible duration of emergency holds, and the procedural rights afforded at commitment hearings differ across jurisdictions. Federal constitutional minimums (established through Supreme Court decisions on due process) set a floor, not a ceiling. Researchers should not assume uniformity. ---
Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
Substance Abuse Law — Parity, Confidentiality of Treatment Records, and Involuntary Commitment (The Law Mind Health Law & Bioethics Encyclopedia) Title Insurance — Commitment, Policy Types (Owner's and Lender's), and Covered Risks (The Law Mind Real Estate Transactions & Construction Encyclopedia) ---
Related Terms
Mittimus | Warrant of Commitment | Commitment Order | Civil Commitment | Involuntary Commitment | Detention | Arrest | Habeas Corpus | Parens Patriae | Commission | Committee | Title Insurance | Title Commitment | Binder (title insurance) | Perpetration | Omission
COMMITmain
Black's Law Dictionary • 1891
In practice. To send a per- son to prison by virtue of a lawful authority, for any crime or contempt. 4 Bl. Comm. 235, 300; 1 Tidd, Pr. 479, 481. To deliver a defendant to the custody of
COMMITmain
Anderson's Dictionary of Law • 1890
for the doing of something belonging to the exercise of its powers. Imports, ex vi termini, written authority from a competent source. Compare WARRANT, 2. (3) The body or board of persons intrusted with the performance of some public service or duty: as, to revise statutes, codify laws, fix the boundary lines between States, enforce the inter-State commerce act. The instrument evidences the fact of the appointment, q. v., and the nature and extent of the powers conferred.2 Commissioner. Such person as has a commission, letters-patent, or other lawful authority, to examine any matter or to execute any public office.3 An officer of a court, appointed to assist it in administering justice in a particular case or cases. Compare MASTER, 4. The supreme court of California appoints, and may at any time remove, three persons of legal learning and personal worth to assist the court in the performance of its duties, and in the disposition of the undetermined causes now pending. Each commissioner holds office for the term of four years, and during that period may not engage in the practice of the law. The court appoints one as chief commissioner.4 Whence C., and C. C. An officer who assists in the administration of government, being usually charged with administering the laws relating to some one department thereof: as, the commissioner of agriculture, of a circuit court, of a county, of deeds, of education, of fisheries, of the general land-office, of highways, of Indian affairs, of internal revenue, of patents, of pensions.5 See MINISTERIAL. Commissioner of bail. An officer authorized to take bail for hearings or trials before a court and jury, in cases admitting of release from confinement when the accused can furnish bail. Commissioner of the circuit courts. See under COURTS, United States. Commissioner of deeds. An officer authorized to take acknowledgments and depositions, and to probate accounts. 1 United States v. Reyburn, 6 Pet. *364 (1832). 2 Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch, 155 (1803); Lessee of Talbot v. Simpson, 1 Pet. C. C. 94 (1815); United States v. Vinton, 2 Sumn. 307 (1836). [Jacob's Law Dict.; 14 N. J. L. 428. Cal. Statutes, 1885, p. 161. Similar provision was made in Kansas in 1887, - Laws, c. 148; and on March 5, three commissioners were appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, -36 Kan. R. iii. See Index, Revised Statutes. County commissioners. See COUNTY. 3. Compensation for services rendered. The plural, commissions, is often used. A percentage on price or value.1 A sum allowed as compensation to a servant, factor, or agent, who manages the affairs of another, in recompense for his services.2 "Commission" generally signifies a percentage upon the amount of money involved in the transaction, as distinguished from "discount," which is a percentage taken from the face value of the security or property negotiated.3 A reasonable commission is allowed to administrators, assignees, auctioneers, brokers, executors, receivers, and other agents or trustees, qq. v. But the service must be completed, and due care and skill and perfect fidelity have been employed. The amount is a reasonable percentage upon the sum received or paid out, and is regulated by custom, or by the discretion of the appointing authority. Commission merchant. A factor, q. v. To intrust to; to confide in. 1. To delegate a duty to a person or perSee COMMISSION; COMMITTEE. sons. 2. To send to a place of confinement a person found to be a lunatic. May contemplate a sending without an adjudication by a court or a magistrate. See LUNACY. 3. To send to prison a person, charged with or convicted of a crime. Commitment. The act of sending an accused or convicted person to prison; also, the warrant by virtue of which the incarceration is made. "To commit" was regarded as the separate and distinct act of carrying a party to prison, after having taken him into custody by force of a warrant of commitment. Commitment, Warrant of. Written authority to commit a person to prison or custody, until a further hearing in the matter as to which he is charged can be had, or until he is discharged by due course of law; a mittimus; a committitur. Committing. Authorized to hear charges of crime, and to discharge or take bail for trial before a jury. Committing magistrate. Any (inferior) officer empowered to hear charges of crime and to commit the accused to prison or accept bail for their appearance before a higher 1 Brennan v. Perry, 7 Phila. 243 (1869). 2 [Ralston v. Kohl, 30 Ohio St. 98 (1876), Scott, J. Swift v. United States, 18 Ct. Cl. 57 (1883). Cummington v. Wareham, 9 Cush. 585 (1852). 5 [French v. Bancroft, 1 Met. 504 (1840), Shaw, C. J. See also 112 Mass. 62; 133 id. 400.
COMMITmain
Burrill's Law Dictionary • 1867
[Lat. committere; L. Fr.
COMMITv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign; -- used with to, unto. Commit thy way unto the Lord. Ps. xxxvii. 5. Bid him farewell, commit him to the grave. Shak. To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison. These two were commited. Clarendon. To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or fault. Thou shalt not commit adultery. Ex. xx. 14. To join a contest; to match; -- followed by with. [R.] Dr. H. More. To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used reflexively; as, to commit one's self to a certain course. You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship, without commiting the honor of your sovereign. Junius. Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be considered as committing the faith of the United States. Marshall. To confound. [An obsolete Latinism.] Committing short and long [quantities]. Milton. To commit a bill (Legislation), to refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be considered and reported. -- To commit to memory, or To commit, to learn by heart; to memorize.
COMMITv.
Websters Unabridged Dictionary (1913) • 1913
To sin; esp., to be incontinent. [Obs.] Commit not with man's sworn spouse. Shak.
commitverb
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to entrust; to consign; used with to or formerly unto. | To imprison: to forcibly place in a jail. | To forcibly evaluate and treat in a medical facility, particularly for presumed mental illness. | To do (something bad); to perpetrate, as a crime, sin, or fault. | To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step. (Traditionally used only reflexively but now also without oneself etc.) | To make a set of changes permanent. | To integrate new revisions into the public or master version of a file in a version control system. | To enter into a contest; to match; often followed by with. | To confound. | To commit an offence; especially, to fornicate. | To be committed or perpetrated; to take place; to occur.
commitnoun
Wiktionary (English) • 2026
Wiktionary contributorsCC BY-SA 4.0 • via Kaikki
Extracted and formatted for display by Law Mind. Source link opens the current Wiktionary page and its contributor history; it is not a frozen copy of this extract.
The act of committing (e.g. a database transaction), making it a permanent change; such a change. | The submission of source code or other material to a source control repository. | A person, especially a high school athlete, who agrees verbally or signs a letter committing to attend a college or university.

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