Definition
As a standalone legal term, "center" carries no single fixed legal meaning but functions in two primary contexts:
1. GEOGRAPHIC MIDPOINT (property and road law): The center of a road, street, or highway — often expressed through the related concept of the filum viae (the thread or centerline of the road) — marks the boundary of adjacent landowners' property rights. Where a conveyance abuts a road, the presumptive boundary of the grant extends to the center of that road, not merely its edge. This default rule affects title, easement analysis, and right-of-way disputes.
2. DESIGNATED ENTITY OR FACILITY (immigration and administrative law): A "center" or "regional center" is a formally designated organizational vehicle — most prominently in immigration law, where a USCIS-designated Regional Center pools EB-5 investor capital for deployment in commercial enterprises within a defined geographic area. In this usage, "center" names a legal construct with defined eligibility criteria, regulatory obligations, and federal oversight.
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Common Language
Modern common usage (Wiktionary): The middle point of a circle or sphere equidistant from all circumference points; more broadly, the middle portion of anything, or a nucleus around which things gather.
Historical common usage (Webster's 1913): A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure, or body; the middle or central portion; a principal point of concentration or attraction.
The common and geometric meanings of "center" translate into property law in a direct but technical way — the lay notion of the "middle of the road" becomes a precise legal rule about title and boundary. The immigration use of "center" as a designated organizational entity bears no relationship to the geometric meaning; researchers who encounter "Regional Center" in an EB-5 context should not read any geographic-midpoint doctrine into that usage.
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Common Confusion
The two legal uses of "center" operate in completely separate doctrinal domains and should not be cross-applied. The road-law "center" is a property and conveyancing concept tied to the filum viae doctrine. The immigration-law "Regional Center" is a regulatory designation under the EB-5 program. In historical sources, the entry for "center" typically redirects to road and street terminology; researchers consulting Anderson's or similar dictionaries will find no treatment of "center" as an administrative entity, because that usage postdates the historical dictionaries entirely.
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Why It Matters in Research
Road and boundary research: Anderson's entry for "center" redirects to FILUM, ROAD, and STREET — not to a standalone definition. This is the correct research path. The operative doctrine is filum viae: a grant of land abutting a highway presumptively conveys title to the centerline, subject to the public easement of passage. Researchers working on chain-of-title questions, right-of-way vacations, or encroachment disputes should follow the Anderson's cross-references and not expect "center" to carry a self-contained legal definition in historical dictionaries.
Trap in historical sources: Because Anderson's treats "center" as purely derivative of road law, any researcher looking for the term in an immigration, corporate, or administrative context will find nothing useful in historical legal dictionaries. The Regional Center concept did not exist when these dictionaries were compiled; it is entirely a creature of modern federal statute and USCIS regulation.
EB-5 and Regional Center research: The Law Mind Encyclopedia entry on EB-5 is the correct corpus starting point for the immigration-law usage. Researchers should understand that "Regional Center" is a term of art with specific statutory requirements — geographic scope, job creation methodology, USCIS designation and compliance obligations — that bear no analogy to the road-law center concept.
Corpus connections: FILUM and ROAD entries in the historical dictionary corpus will carry the substantive doctrine for the property-law meaning. The EB-5 encyclopedia entry carries the substantive doctrine for the immigration-law meaning.
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Historical Dictionary Support
Anderson's Dictionary of Law does not define "center" substantively; it directs the reader to FILUM, ROAD, and STREET. This editorial choice reflects the reality that "center" had no independent doctrinal weight in late nineteenth-century legal usage — it was a geometric descriptor embedded within property and road law, not a freestanding legal concept. The historical dictionaries are silent on any organizational or administrative meaning, which simply did not exist in that era. Researchers should treat the Anderson's entry as a navigational pointer, not a definition.
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Jurisdictional Note
The filum viae presumption (title to road centerline) is widely recognized in American common law but can be displaced by express deed language, plat dedications, or state statute. Some states treat public road dedications as conveying fee simple to the governmental authority, eliminating the centerline presumption entirely. For EB-5 Regional Centers, federal law governs designation and compliance; state law does not create or override Regional Center status.
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Encyclopedia Cross-Reference
EB-5 Immigrant Investors — Minimum Investment, Job Creation, Targeted Employment Areas, and Regional Centers (The Law Mind Immigration Law Encyclopedia)
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