charged was guilty of the crime for which he could not meet his obligations as they mature in he was prosecuted.1 When information as to the commission of a crime is believed, and is such, and from such sources, that the generality of business men of ordinary care, prudence, and discretion would prosecute upon it under the same conditions.2 The constitutional provision that a warrant of arrest can issue only "upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation," contemplates an oath or affirmation by the person who, of his own knowledge, deposes to the facts which constitute the offense; the mere belief of the affiant is insufficient.3 "Probable cause for making an information" does not mean actual and positive cause. The complaint may be made upon information and belief.4 Prize courts deny damages or costs where there has been probable cause for a seizure. Probable cause exists where there are circumstances sufficient to warrant a reasonable ground of suspicion, even though not sufficient to justify condemnation. There is no substantial difference between "probable cause" and "reasonable cause" of seizure. See PROSECUTION, Malicious. Reasonable cause. A fact which would suggest to persons of average intelligence the same inference or action; such facts as would constrain a person of ordinary caution and sagacity to pursue a particular course of conduct; legal cause or excuse; probable cause. In the law of homicide, reasonable cause or ground to apprehend harm or death. A bare fear, unaccompanied by any overt act indicative of the supposed intention, will not warrant a killing, if there is no actual danger." See further DEFENSE, 1. The reasonable cause which will justify a husband or wife in abandoning the other is, in Pennsylvania at least, that which would entitle the party so separating himself or herself to a divorce. See ABANDON, 2 (1). Reasonable cause to believe a debtor insolvent exists when the condition of his affairs is known to be such that prudent business men would conclude that 1 Wheeler v. Nesbitt, 24 How. 551-52 (1860), Clifford, J. [Hamilton v. Smith, 39 Mich. 226-29 (1878), cases, Graves, J. See also Burton v. St. Paul, &c. R. Co., 33 Minn. 191 (1885), cases; 1 Am. Ld. Cas. 213; 23 Ind. 67; 12 Bradw. 635; 52 Me. 505; 76 Mo. 670; 20 Ohio, 129; 28 Iowa, 49; 45 Тех. 544. 3 United States v. Tureaud, 20 F. R. 623-24 (1884), cases, Billings, J. See also Swart v. Kimball, 43 Mich. 451 (1880). 4 State v. Davie, 62 Wis. 308 (1885). [The Thompson, 3 Wall. 162 (1865), cases, Davis, J. Stacey v. Emery, 97 U. S. 646 (1878). the ordinary course of business.1 A recital in the certificate of a magistrate that "satisfactory cause" has been shown for issuing a warrant of arrest is not equivalent to a statement that he is satisfied that there is "reasonable cause" to believe that the charge contained in the preliminary affidavit is true.2 To avoid, as a fraudulent preference in the Bankrupt Act, a security taken for a debt, the creditor must have had such knowledge of facts as to induce a reasonable belief of his debtor's insolvency. Reasonable cause "to believe" and "to suspect" are distinct, in meaning and effect. See PREFER, 2. (3) An action at law, a suit at law or in equity; a judicial proceeding. In any legal sense, action, suit, and cause are convertible terms.4 "Case" is more limited, importing a collection of facts with the conclusions thereon. A "cause" pends, is postponed, appealed, removed; whereas a "case" is made, vested, argued, decided, etc.5 See ACTION, 2; ADMIRALTY; CASE, 2; CHANCERY; JOINDER; SUIT; TITLE, 2. 2. Fr. A case; a trial. Cause celebre. A celebrated trial; plural, causes celebres. In French law, resembles a "State trial" in English law. Among English and American writers, a trial, or a reported case, famous for the parties and the facts involved. Attention to the effect of a thing about to be done; regard to contingencies; forethought; care. See CAUTELA. 1 Merchants' Nat. Bank v. Cook, 95 U. S. 346 (1877), cases, Hunt, J.; Dutcher v. Wright, 94 id. 557 (1876), cases; Stucky v. Masonic Bank, 108 id. 74 (1883). 2 May v. Hammond, 144 Mass. 152 (1887), cases. 3 Grant v. First Nat. Bank of Monmouth, 97 U. S. 81 7 Wiggins v. People, 93 U. S. 478-80 (1876), cases, Clif- (1877), Bradley, J. ford, J. & Gordon v. Gordon, 48 Pa. 234 (1864); Butler v. Butler, 1 Pars. Sel. Cas. Eq. 337 (1849). 4 Exp. Milligan, 4 Wall. 112 (1866), Davis, J. 518 Conn. App. 10. 6 Wheat. 108; 2 Saw. 150; 59 Pa. 333.