CATION

(of stock). 7 Cow. (N. Y.) 410.

In a statute intended to prevent physicians from disclosing "information" acquired from patients, comprehends knowledge acquired in any way while attending a patient, whether by the physician's own insight, or by verbal statement from the patient, from members of his household, or from nurses or strangers, given to aid the physician in the performance of his duty. Knowledge, however communicated, is information. An answer to a decoy letter written in a fictitious name, giving "information" of an article reputed to prevent conception, was held not to be within the meaning of a statute prohibiting the mailing of obscene matter. 2. A complaint preferred on behalf of the government in a civil cause. Bill of information. A bill in equity filed by the attorney-general, or other proper officer, in behalf of the state or of those 1 Conley v. Nailor, 118 U. S. 127, 133, 134-35 (1886), cases, Woods, J. See further, as to gifts or conveyances, Nichols v. McCarthy, 53 Conn. 314-21 (1885), cases; Woodbury v. Woodbury, 141 Mass. 331-33 (1886), cases; Dunn v. Dunn, 42 N. J. E. 431 (1886); Davis v. Dean, 66 Wis. 110-11 (1886), cases; Bingham v. Fayerweather, 144 Mass. 51 (1887), cases; June v. Willis, 30 F. R. 11, 14 (1887), cases; Hall v. Knappenberger, Sup. Ct. Mo. (1888): 26 Cent. Law J. 317; ib. 319-22 (1888), cases; 3 McCrary, 650; 59 Cal. 560; 12 Mo. Ap. 293, 314; 34 N. J. E. 570; 1 Story, Eq. §§. 237-38; - as to wills, 22 Cent. Law J. 173 (1886), cases; 28 Ala. 107; 69 Ga. 89; 22 Kan. 79; 99 Mass. 112; 58 Mich. 106; 63 N. Y. 504; 88 id. 357; 41 Pa. 317; 43 id. 46; 76 id. 114. Thompson v. Hawks, 14 F. R. 902 (1883), Gresham, D. J.; ib. 905, note. See Lyon v. Home, L. R., 6 Eq. *655 (1868); Robinson v. Adams, 62 Me. 369 (1874); Smith's Will, 52 Wis. 543 (1881); 26 Am. Law Reg. 52331 (1887), cases. 3 L. in-formare, to put into shape: forma, form. See

Under a license in a lease to a lessor to enter and eject the lessee, he was author- ized as between themselves to eject the tenant by main force, and the license was a good plea in bar of an action of trespass; 7 Man. & G. 316; 7 Sc. N. R. 1025. In International Law. Permission granted by a belligerent state to its own subjects, or to the subjects of the enemy, or to neutrals to carry on a trade inter- dicted by war. 2 Hall. Int. Law 343. Licenses operate as a dispensation of the rules of war, so far as their provisions ex tend. They are stricti juris, but are not to be construed with pedantic accuracy. 2 Hall. Int. Law 343; 1 Kent 163, n.; 4 C. Rob. 8. They can be granted only by the sovereign authority, or by those delegated for the purpose by special commission; 1 Dods. 226; Stew. Adm. 367; 8 Term 548; 1 С. Rob. 196; and they must be granted or as- sented to by both belligerents; Snow. Int. L. xxxi. The Act of Congress, authorizing the president to license certain commercial intercourse with the states in rebellion, did not contemplate the exercise of that author- ity by subordinate officers of the executive department without the express order of the president; 5 Wall. 530. Licenses consti- tute a ground of capture and confiscation per se by the adverse belligerent party; Wheat. Int. Law 475. They legalize the commerce, and the alien licensee may sue and be sued in respect thereto as a natural- born subject: 2 Add. Cont. 134, 8th Am. ed. [1156]; 15 East 426; 12 id. 340, 3 Taunt. 568. See 2 Halleck, Int. L., Sir S. Baker's ed. ch. xxx. In Pleading. A plea of justification to an action of trespass, that the defendant was authorized by the owner of the free- hold to commit the trespass complained of. A license must be specially pleaded to an action of trespass; 2 Term 166; but may be given in evidence in an action on the case; 2 Mod. 6; 8 East 308. See JUSTIFI-

An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion. Faraday.

A positively charged ion: one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.