(216) collection of printed sheets put together so or ploughing his lands, &c. Whishaw. as to form leaves and pages of a uniform Holthouse. shape and size. Hence the expression "book form." This is the general and popular meaning of the word. A collection of sheets bound together, in book form, containing manuscript entries. Of this description are the account books of merchants, minute books of courts, &c. A collection of blank sheets bound together, in book form, and intended to contain manuscript entries. The blank books of stationers belong to this class. (217) 103. The word borg, or borh, also anciently denoted not only the pledge-giver, but the pledge itself so given, (fiedejussio, plegium.) Spelman, voc. Burghbrech. See Friburg, Decennary, Tithing. dicti, rem colonicam exercebant.) AccordKnight's P. Magazine, 1846, vol. 2, p. ing to Bishop Kennett, the bordarii were distinct from the servi and villani, and seem to be those of a less servile condition, who had a bord or cottage, with a small parcel of land allowed to them, on condition they should supply the lord with poultry and eggs, and other small provisions for his board and entertainment. Kennett's Gloss. Paroch. Ant. From various passages of Domesday, their condition appears to have been considerably above that of villenage, and Sir Henry Spelman seems inclined to the belief that they were actually freemen, though holding by base services. (218) BOROUGH, Borow, Burrough, Burgh. [L. Lat. burgus; L. Fr. burg, bourg, burgh.] In English law. A word which has been variously defined; as A town. Co. Litt. 108 b. An ancient town. Litt. sect. 164. Termes de la Ley. A town of note or importance; a walled or fortified town. Cowell. See Burgus. A corporate town that is not a city. Cowell. An ancient town, holden of the king or any other lord, which sends burgesses to parliament. Co. Litt. 109 a. A town, whether corporate or not, that sends burgesses or members to parliament. 1 Bl. Com. 114, 115. gus. borough not incorporate, and yet it is a city. Co. Litt. Hargr. Note 123, lib. 2. Again, it is said by Littleton that "every borough is a town, but not è converso.' Litt. sect. 171. The distinction between a borough (burgus,) and a city is not sustained by Spelman, who enumerates, among the meanings of the word, a town and city both, and observes that the Anglo-Saxons undoubtedly called those places burghs, which others called cities. (Proculdubio Saxones nostri burgos nuncuparunt quas alii urbes et civitates.) Spelman, voc. BurHe adds that when the sees of bishops were prohibited by canon from being located elsewhere than in cities, the title of city was retained by those boroughs only which were distinguished by these erections (civitates titulus apud cathedrarios tantum burgos remanebat ;) and hence there came to be reckoned no more cities than there were bishoprics. Spelman, ibid. See City. In the Year Book, T. 9 Hen. VI. 19, the city of London itself is called an ancient borough, (la cite de Londres est un anc' bourg.) Borough may have been the generic name used in the old law, as inAs to the etymology of this word, cluding towns and cities. Co. Litt. 115 b. two opinions have been maintained by And yet boroughs are constantly mentioned English writers. Some derive it from the in old statutes as distinct from both. Et Sax. burg, burh, byrg, byryg, Fr. burg, Lat. que nul city, borough, ne ville, &c. Stat. burgus; a place fortified or defended by a Westm. 1, c. 6. The true explanation may wall, mound or other enclosure. Termes be that the great boroughs in England were de la Ley. Spelman, voc. Burgus. Cowon a level with cities, but the smaller boell. See Burgus. The present meaning roughs, constituting the majority, were of the German burg (a castle, fort, citadel,) clearly distinguished from them. favors this etymology. Others derive it Fleta, lib. 1, c. 24, §§ 4, 6. As to the from the Sax. borh, borhoe, a pledge, tithpresent use of the word, an eminent Enging or decennary. Termes de la Ley. Cow-lish writer, as we have seen, defines a boell. This opinion is supported by the derivation of the word town. 1 Bl. Com. 114, 115. See Town. A city, or other town, that sends burgesses to parliament. 1 Steph. Com. 116. A corporate town, or city, whether sending members to parliament, or not. English Munic. Corp. Act, 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 76. A town or place organized for local government. P. Cyclopædia. See Burgh, Burgus, Bourg, Town. In American law. An incorporated town or village. * The signification of the term borough has undergone considerable fluctuation, as will appear from the definitions above given. The quality of not being a city is prominently claimed for a borongh by some of the best authors. Cowell. Blount. Stat. 2 Edw. III. c. 3, cited ibid. Lyndwode Prov. cited in Cowell. According to Lord Coke, "every city is a burgh, but every burgh is not a city." Co. Litt. 109 a. The latter branch of this proposition implies that some boroughs are cities, which goes to modify the older definitions. The former (every city is a burgh,) is censured by Mr. Hargrave, as not being quite accurate, and he instances Westminster, which is a See rough to be "a city, or other town that sends burgesses to parliament." 1 Steph. Com. 116. And under the Municipal Corporation Act, 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 76, boroughs seem to be placed on the footing of cities in all respects, being divided into wards, and governed by a mayor, aldermen and council. 3 Steph. Com. 191, et seq. See 1 Man. & Gr. 1, note. Another distinctive quality of a borough, in English law, is that of sending burgesses [or members] to parliament. Co. Litt. 109 a. This still continues to be the principal feature of a borough, and is accordingly retained in the best modern definitions. 1 Bl. Com. 114, 115. 1 Steph. Com. 116. It has not been regarded, however, in the Municipal Corporation Act already cited. Id. ibid. note (i). The term borough is used