In Medical Jurispru- dence. The group of symptoms arising from hemorrhage into the substance of the brain or from the lodgment of a minute clot in one of the cerebral arteries. The symptoms consist usually of sudden lees of consciousness, muscular relaxation, lividity of the face and slow stertorous respiration, lasting from a few hours to several days. On the return of conscious- ness there is found paralysis of some of the voluntary muscles, very frequently of the muscles of the face, arm, and leg upon one side, giving the symptom of hemiplegia. There is usually more or less mental impair ment. The mental impairment presents no uniform char- scters, but varies indefinitely, in extent and sever- ity, from a little failure of memory, abolition of all the intellectual faculties. The power menities to The entire of speech is usually more or less affected: it may be a slight difficulty of utterance, or an inability to remember certain words or parts of words, or an entire loss of the power of articulation. This feat- ure may arise from two different causes-either from a loss of the power of language, or a loss of power in the muscles of the larynx. This fact must be borne in mind by the medical jurist, and there can be little difficulty in distinguishing between thern. In the latter, the patient is as capable as ever of reading, writing, or understanding spoken language. In the former, he is unable to communi- cate his thoughts by writing, because they are dis- connected from their articulate signs. He recog- nises their meaning when he sees them, but can- not recall them by any effort of the perceptive powers. This affection of the faculty of language Is manifested in various ways. One person loses all recollection of the names of persons and things, while other parts of speech are still at command. Another forgets everything but substantives, and only those which express some mental quality or abstract idea. Another loses the memory of all words but yes or no. In these cases the patient is able to repeat the words on hearing them pro- nounced, but, after a second or third repetition, loses them altogether. See APHASIA. Wills and contracts are not unfrequently made in that equivocal condition of mind which sometimes follows an attack of apo- plexy or paralysis; and their validity is contested on the score of mental incompe- tency. In cases of this kind there are, gene- rally, two questions at issue, viz., the abso- lute amount of mental impairment, and the degree of foreign influence exerted upon the party. They cannot be consid- ered independently of each other. Neither of them alone might be sufficient to invali- date an act, while together, even in a much smaller degree, they would have this effect. In testing the mental capacity of para- lytics, reference should be had to the nature of the act in question. The question is not, had the testator sufficient capacity to make a will? but, had he sufficient capacity to make the will in dispute? A capacity which might be quite adequate to a distribution of a little personal property among a few near relatives would be just as clearly inad- equate to the disposition of a large estate among a host of relatives and friends pos- sessing very unequal claims upon the tes- tator's bounty. Here, as in other mental conditions, all that is required is mind sufficient for the purpose, neither more nor less. See DEMENTIA: DELIRUM; IMBE- CILITY; MANIA. In order to arrive at cor- rect conclusions on this point, we must be careful, among other things, not to confound the power to appreciate the terms of a proposition with the power to discern its relations and consequences. In testing the mental capacity of one who has lost the power of speech, it is always difficult, and often impossible, to arrive at correct results. If the person is able and willing to communicate his thoughts in writing, his mental capacity may be clearly revealed. If not disposed to write, he may communicate by construct- ing words and sentences by the help of a dictionary or block letters. Failing in this, the only other intellectual manifesta- tion possible is the expression of assent or dissent by signs to propositions made by others. Any of these means of communi- cation, other than that of writing, must leave us much in the dark respecting the amount of intellect possessed by the party. If the act in question is complicated in its relations, if it is unreasonable in its disposi- tions, if it bears the slightest trace of foreign influence, it cannot but be regarded with suspicion. If the party has only the power of assenting or dissenting, it must always be impossible to decide whether this does not refer to the terms rather than the merits of the proposition; and, therefore, an act which bears no other evidence than this of the will of the person certainly ought not to be established. Besides, it must be considered that a will drawn up in this manner is, actually, not the will of the tes- tator, sinc